突起

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Chinese

		to dash; to move forward quickly	to rise; to raise; to get up
trad. (突起)		突	起
simp. ^#(突起)		突	起

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tūqǐ, túqǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄑㄧˇ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄑㄧˇ
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu̍t-hí
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-khí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tūqǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tucǐ
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu¹-chʻi³
  - Yale: tū-chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuchii
  - Palladius: туци (tuci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    凸起
    突起
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: túqǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: túcǐ
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu²-chʻi³
  - Yale: tú-chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twuchii
  - Palladius: туци (tuci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍t-hí
  - Hakka Romanization System: tud hi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tud⁶ hi³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵ hi³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-khí
  - Tâi-lô: tu̍t-khí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dudqie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² kʰi⁴¹/

Verb

突起

to suddenly spring up; to suddenly appear
Alternative form of 凸起 (tūqǐ, “to protrude; to bulge”)

Synonyms

(to suddenly spring up): 崛起 (juéqǐ)

Derived terms

異軍突起／异军突起 (yìjūntūqǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
突	起
とつ > とっ Grade: S	き Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
突起 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とっき (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

突(とっ)起(き) • (tokki)

a part that juts out of a surface, such as a protuberance, a projection, a prominence, a bump, a process, a promontory, an apophysis, an appendix, etc.
烏(う)口(こう)突(とっ)起(き) ― ukō tokki ― a coracoid/coronoid process

柔(じゅう)突(とっ)起(き) ― jūtokki ― a villus

神(しん)経(けい)突(とっ)起(き) ― shinkei tokki ― a neuronal process

虫(ちゅう)様(よう)突(とっ)起(き) ― chūyō tokki ― a vermiform appendix

乳(にゅう)様(よう)突(とっ)起(き) ― nyūyō tokki ― a mastoid process

竜(りゅう)骨(こつ)突(とっ)起(き) ― ryūkotsu tokki ― an avian keel

Verb

突(とっ)起(き)する • (tokki suru) suru (stem 突(とっ)起(き)し (tokki shi), past 突(とっ)起(き)した (tokki shita))

to protrude; to project

Conjugation

Conjugation of "突起する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	突起し	とっきし	tokki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	突起し	とっきし	tokki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	突起する	とっきする	tokki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	突起する	とっきする	tokki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	突起すれ	とっきすれ	tokki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	突起せよ¹ 突起しろ²	とっきせよ¹ とっきしろ²	tokki seyo¹ tokki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	突起される	とっきされる	tokki sareru
Causative	突起させる突起さす	とっきさせるとっきさす	tokki saseru tokki sasu
Potential	突起できる	とっきできる	tokki dekiru
Volitional	突起しよう	とっきしよう	tokki shiyō
Negative	突起しない	とっきしない	tokki shinai
Negative continuative	突起せず	とっきせず	tokki sezu
Formal	突起します	とっきします	tokki shimasu
Perfective	突起した	とっきした	tokki shita
Conjunctive	突起して	とっきして	tokki shite
Hypothetical conditional	突起すれば	とっきすれば	tokki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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