負ける

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 負く (maku), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation) pattern, from Proto-Japonic *mak-a-.

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「負ける
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
負ける ける
Imperative (命令形) 負けろ けろ
Key constructions
Passive 負けられる けられる
Causative 負けさせる けさせる
Potential 負けられる けられる
Volitional 負けよう けよ
Negative 負けない けない
Negative perfective 負けなかった けなかった
Formal 負けます けま
Perfective 負けた けた
Conjunctive 負けて けて
Hypothetical conditional 負ければ けれ

Verb

()ける (makerutransitive or intransitive ichidan (stem () (make), past ()けた (maketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 負かす
mediopassive 負ける
Sense: "to lose"
Japanese verb pair
active 負ける
mediopassive 負かる
Sense: "to reduce price"
  1. (intransitive) to lose; to be defeated
    Antonym: 勝つ (katsu)
  2. (transitive) to lower in price

Conjugation

Derived terms

Suffix

()ける (-makeruichidan (stem () (-make), past ()けた (-maketa))

  1. to lose when doing something
    Antonym: 勝つ (katsu)
    早押(はやお)しクイズ()()ける
    hayaoshi kuizu de oshi-makeru
    to lose to someone in a quiz by pressing the buzzer too slow

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 ま・ける 【負】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN