십일

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Korean

Etymology

Korean numbers (edit)
 ←  10 11 12  → 
    Native isol.: 열하나 (yeolhana)
    Native attr.: 열한 (yeolhan)
    Sino-Korean: 십일 (sibil)
    Hanja: 十一

Sino-Korean word from 十一

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?sibil
Revised Romanization (translit.)?sib'il
McCune–Reischauer?sibil
Yale Romanization?sip.il

Numeral

십일 (sibil) (hanja 十一)

  1. (Sino-Korean numeral) eleven
    Synonyms: 열하나 (yeolhana, eleven, native nominal numeral), 열한 (yeolhan, eleven, native determiner numeral)

Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 반(班) (se ban, three school classes, native numeral)
  • 반(班) (sam ban, Class Number Three, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나 주세 (hana-man deo juse-yo, Could you give me just one more, please, native numeral)
  • 더하기 ? (il deohagi ir-eun?, What's one plus one?, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.