← 10 | 11 | 12 → |
---|---|---|
Native isol.: 열하나 (yeolhana) Native attr.: 열한 (yeolhan) Sino-Korean: 십일 (sibil) Hanja: 十一 |
Sino-Korean word from 十一
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | sibil |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sib'il |
McCune–Reischauer? | sibil |
Yale Romanization? | sip.il |
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.