πέτρα

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unknown. In the absence of an explanation, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek borrowing, noting that Meier-Brügger's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *per-trom (“instrument for getting through”) (from *per- (“to go through, fare”) +‎ *-trom (“instrument suffix”)) is semantically implausible.[1] Not related to Hindi पत्थर (patthar, “stone”), which is composed of Indo-European elements.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

πέτρᾱ • (pétrā) f (genitive πέτρᾱς); first declension

  1. rock formation: cliff, ledge, cave, ridge
  2. stone (as a building material)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ πέτρᾱ; τῆς πέτρᾱς (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ πέτρᾱ
hē pétrā 		τὼ πέτρᾱ
tṑ pétrā 		αἱ πέτραι
hai pétrai
Genitive τῆς πέτρᾱς
tês pétrās 		τοῖν πέτραιν
toîn pétrain 		τῶν πετρῶν
tôn petrôn
Dative τῇ πέτρᾳ
têi pétrāi 		τοῖν πέτραιν
toîn pétrain 		ταῖς πέτραις
taîs pétrais
Accusative τὴν πέτρᾱν
tḕn pétrān 		τὼ πέτρᾱ
tṑ pétrā 		τᾱ̀ς πέτρᾱς
tā̀s pétrās
Vocative πέτρᾱ
pétrā 		πέτρᾱ
pétrā 		πέτραι
pétrai
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: πέτρα (pétra)
  • Mariupol Greek: пе́тра (pjétra)
  • → Latin: petra (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέτρᾱ, -η”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1182

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

Cognate with Mariupol Greek пе́тра (pjétra).

Noun

πέτρα • (pétra) f (plural πέτρες)

  1. rock, stone (mass or fragments)
  2. (figuratively) rock (something hard and stable)
  3. (nautical) rock (rocky hazard)

Declension

Declension of πέτρα
singular plural
nominative πέτρα (pétra) πέτρες (pétres)
genitive πέτρας (pétras) πετρών (petrón)
accusative πέτρα (pétra) πέτρες (pétres)
vocative πέτρα (pétra) πέτρες (pétres)

Synonyms

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia