στάδιον

Ancient Greek

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stadion

Alternative forms

σπάδιον (spádion)

Etymology

Uncertain, but possibly from στάδιος (stádios, “firm, fixed”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), in reference to the fixed distance of the course. The relation with the alternative form σπάδιον (spádion), which ostensibly looks like a derivative of σπᾰ́ω (spáō, “to draw, drag”), as well as whether one is derived from the other or not, is unclear.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.di.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.di.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/

Noun

στᾰ́δῐον • (stádion) n (genitive στᾰδῐ́ου); second declension

(architecture) A 600-foot track for footraces and the surrounding stadium.
(sports) A 600-foot footrace.
(historical units of measure) A stade, a unit of distance based on the length of a racetrack, equal to 600 Greek feet (variously 150–210 m at different places and times).

Declension

Second declension of τὸ στᾰ́δῐον; τοῦ στᾰδῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ στᾰ́δῐον tò stádion	τὼ στᾰδῐ́ω tṑ stadíō	τᾰ̀ στᾰ́δῐᾰ tà stádia
Genitive	τοῦ στᾰδῐ́ου toû stadíou	τοῖν στᾰδῐ́οιν toîn stadíoin	τῶν στᾰδῐ́ων tôn stadíōn
Dative	τῷ στᾰδῐ́ῳ tôi stadíōi	τοῖν στᾰδῐ́οιν toîn stadíoin	τοῖς στᾰδῐ́οις toîs stadíois
Accusative	τὸ στᾰ́δῐον tò stádion	τὼ στᾰδῐ́ω tṑ stadíō	τᾰ̀ στᾰ́δῐᾰ tà stádia
Vocative	στᾰ́δῐον stádion	στᾰδῐ́ω stadíō	στᾰ́δῐᾰ stádia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

δεκᾰστᾰ́δῐον (dekastádion)
σταδιεύς (stadieús)

Descendants

Greek: στάδιο (stádio)
→ Bulgarian: стадион (stadion)
→ English: stadion
→ German: Stadion
→ Hebrew: אצטדיון
→ Hungarian: stadion
→ Latin: stadium
- Catalan: estadi
- → Czech: stádium
- → English: stadium
- French: stade
  - → English: stade
- Italian: stadio
- Spanish: estadio
→ Macedonian: стадион (stadion)
→ Old Armenian: ստադիոն (stadion)
→ Old Georgian: სტადიონი (sṭadioni, “step; stadium”)
→ Russian: стадион (stadion)
→ Serbo-Croatian: stadion, стадион
→ Ukrainian: стадіо́н (stadión)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στάδιον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1387