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Probably related to шу̑м(“noise, buzz”). A parallel may then be drawn to the onomatopoeic origin of Proto-Slavic*gajь(“forest”).
Otherwise, according to P. Skok, the term may alternatively be of paleo-Balkan origin (Illyrian or Thracian); he draws connection with Albanianproshëm(“wood”).
^ Skok, Petar (1973) “šuma”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 422
Further reading
“шума”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025