հողմ

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Armenian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian հողմ (hołm).

Pronunciation

Noun

հողմ (hoġm)

  1. storm, gale, tempest, hurricane
    Synonyms: մրրիկ (mrrik), փոթորիկ (pʻotʻorik)
    հողմի պես՝ նմանhoġmi pes, nmanlike the wind (very fast)

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative հողմ (hoġm) հողմեր (hoġmer)
dative հողմի (hoġmi) հողմերի (hoġmeri)
ablative հողմից (hoġmicʻ) հողմերից (hoġmericʻ)
instrumental հողմով (hoġmov) հողմերով (hoġmerov)
locative հողմում (hoġmum) հողմերում (hoġmerum)
definite forms
nominative հողմը/հողմն (hoġmə/hoġmn) հողմերը/հողմերն (hoġmerə/hoġmern)
dative հողմին (hoġmin) հողմերին (hoġmerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative հողմս (hoġms) հողմերս (hoġmers)
dative հողմիս (hoġmis) հողմերիս (hoġmeris)
ablative հողմիցս (hoġmicʻs) հողմերիցս (hoġmericʻs)
instrumental հողմովս (hoġmovs) հողմերովս (hoġmerovs)
locative հողմումս (hoġmums) հողմերումս (hoġmerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative հողմդ (hoġmd) հողմերդ (hoġmerd)
dative հողմիդ (hoġmid) հողմերիդ (hoġmerid)
ablative հողմիցդ (hoġmicʻd) հողմերիցդ (hoġmericʻd)
instrumental հողմովդ (hoġmovd) հողմերովդ (hoġmerovd)
locative հողմումդ (hoġmumd) հողմերումդ (hoġmerumd)

Derived terms

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, but the anlaut and the nmłm change make this problematic.[1][2][3][4] Reviving Petersson's old idea, Kölligan instead connects the word to Ancient Greek πόλεμος (pólemos, war), under an original underlying sense "shaking", reconstructing Proto-Indo-European *pólh₁mos (from a possible root *pelh₁- (to shake)) from which he derives the two terms.[5][6]

Compare also Northern Kurdish hilm, hulm, helm, hêlm (steam, vapor; breath; puff, drag, draw (on a cigarette or pipe)), Central Kurdish ھەڵم (hellm, vapor).

Noun

հողմ (hołm)

  1. wind
    Synonym: քամի (kʻami)
    ի թեւս հողմոյi tʻews hołmoyon the wings of the wind
    գնալ զհողմովgnal zhołmovto vanish to dissolve into air, to disappear
    զհողմս արածելzhołms aracelto feed on air, to cherish vain hopes, to build castles in the air
    ջանալ հողմոյǰanal hołmoyto labour or strive in vain, to lose one's pains
    մարգարէքն մեր էին ի հողմmargarēkʻn mer ēin i hołmour prophets prophesied to the wind
    զհողմս ժառանգելzhołms žaṙangelto be reduced to one's last shifts, on one's last legs, to amuse oneself with idle expectations, to buoy oneself up with vain hopes
  2. one of the four parts of the world, whence the winds blow
    չորք հողմքčʻorkʻ hołmkʻthe four winds, four quarters of heaven
  3. jaundice, pathological yellowness

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: հողմ (hoġm)

References

  1. ^ Meillet, Antoine (1925) “Remarques sur l'étymologie de quelques mots grecs”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 26, page 11 of 1–22
  2. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հողմ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 112
  3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 39
  4. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 416
  5. ^ Petersson, Herbert (1916) “Beiträge zur armenischen Wortkunde”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 47, number 3/4, pages 246–247
  6. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017) “Armenian hołm ‘wind’, Greek πόλεμος ‘war’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 122, number 1, →DOI, pages 227–240

Further reading

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “hilm”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 256b
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “հողմ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հողմ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy