ترياق
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Arabic
Alternative forms
- دِرْيَاق (diryāq), تِرْيَاقَة (tiryāqa)
Etymology
From Aramaic תִּירְיָיקָא / תִּרְיָיקָא / תִּירְיָאקָא / תִּרְיָאקָא (teryāqā), תִּירְיָיקִי / תִּרְיָיקִי / תִּירְיָקִי / תִּרְיָקִי (teryāqī) / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܐ / ܬܸܪܝܲܩܹܝ (teryaqē), from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”).
Pronunciation
Noun
تِرْيَاق • (tiryāq) m (plural تَرَايِيق (tarāyīq))
- antidote, counter-remedy, panacea, antitoxin, theriac, treacle
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:215:
- إِنَّ فِي عَجْوَةِ العَالِيَةِ شِفَاءً أَوْ إِنَّهَا تِرْيَاقٌ أَوَّلَ البُكْرَةِ
- ʔinna fī ʕajwati l-ʕāliyati šifāʔan ʔaw ʔinnahā tiryāqun ʔawwala l-bukrati
- The pressed dates of Aliya contain healing effects and are an antidote in the early morning.
- a. 1350, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, aṭ-ṭibb an-nabawī [The Prophetic Medicine]:
- بِغَمْسِ الذُّبَابِ فِي الطَّعَامِ إِذَا سَقَطَ فِيهِ لِأَجْلِ الشِّفَاءِ الَّذِي فِي جِنَاحِهِ، وَهُوَ كَالتِّريَاقِ لِلسُّمِّ
- biḡamsi ḏ-ḏubābi fī ṭ-ṭaʿāmi ʾiḏā saqaṭa fīhi li-ʾajli š-šifāʾi llaḏī fī jināḥihi, wahuwa ka-t-tiryāqi li-s-summi
- Dipping house flies in food if they fall in for the healing effects in their wings, which is like an antitoxin.
- (poetic) alcohol, intoxicating drink
Declension
Declension of noun تِرْيَاق (tiryāq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تِرْيَاق tiryāq |
التِّرْيَاق at-tiryāq |
تِرْيَاق tiryāq |
| Nominative | تِرْيَاقٌ tiryāqun |
التِّرْيَاقُ at-tiryāqu |
تِرْيَاقُ tiryāqu |
| Accusative | تِرْيَاقًا tiryāqan |
التِّرْيَاقَ at-tiryāqa |
تِرْيَاقَ tiryāqa |
| Genitive | تِرْيَاقٍ tiryāqin |
التِّرْيَاقِ at-tiryāqi |
تِرْيَاقِ tiryāqi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | تِرْيَاقَيْن tiryāqayn |
التِّرْيَاقَيْن at-tiryāqayn |
تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Nominative | تِرْيَاقَانِ tiryāqāni |
التِّرْيَاقَانِ at-tiryāqāni |
تِرْيَاقَا tiryāqā |
| Accusative | تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni |
التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni |
تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Genitive | تِرْيَاقَيْنِ tiryāqayni |
التِّرْيَاقَيْنِ at-tiryāqayni |
تِرْيَاقَيْ tiryāqay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | تَرَايِيق tarāyīq |
التَّرَايِيق at-tarāyīq |
تَرَايِيق tarāyīq |
| Nominative | تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu |
التَّرَايِيقُ at-tarāyīqu |
تَرَايِيقُ tarāyīqu |
| Accusative | تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa |
التَّرَايِيقَ at-tarāyīqa |
تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa |
| Genitive | تَرَايِيقَ tarāyīqa |
التَّرَايِيقِ at-tarāyīqi |
تَرَايِيقِ tarāyīqi |
Derived terms
- تِرْيَاق كَبِير (tiryāq kabīr, “Venice treacle, theriaca magna”)
Descendants
- → Persian: تریاق (taryâq, teryâq) (archaic)
References
- “tryqˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 262
- Shahîd, Irfan (2010) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume II: Part 2: Economic, Social, and Cultural History, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, page 143