دوزخ

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Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian *daužaxva, from earlier *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHáhuš (literally “bad existence”), a compound of *duš- (“bad”) +‎ *Háhuš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuš (“life, existence, being”).

Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian (dwšx), (dwšwx /⁠dušox⁠/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian (dwjx /⁠dōžax⁠/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish dojeh, Central Kurdish دۆژە (doje), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).

Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dōzax
Dari reading? dōzax
Iranian reading? duzax
Tajik reading? düzax

Noun

Dari دوزخ
Iranian Persian
Tajik дӯзах

دوزَخ • (duzax)

  1. hell
    Synonym: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
    Antonym: بِهِشْت (behešt)

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Urdu

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزخ (dôzax), derived from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (“hell”). Cognate with Bengali দোজখ (dōjokh), Old Hindi दोजग (dojaga), Gujarati દોજખ (dojakh) Old Punjabi ਦੋਜਕੁ (dojaku), Punjabi ਦੋਜ਼ਖ਼ (dozax) / دوزَخ (dozax), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak) / دوږخ (doẓax), Chechen жоьжахати (žöžaxati), Azerbaijani duzəx, Gurani دۆزەخ (dōzax), Ushojo دوزخ (dōzax), Kazakh дозақ (dozaq), Central Kurdish دۆزەخ (dozex), Southern Kurdish دووزەخ (dûzex), Ottoman Turkish دوزخ (dûzah), Uyghur دوزاخ (dozax), Pashto دوزخ (dōzax) / دوږخ (doẓax), Turkmen dowzah, Uzbek doʻzax.

Pronunciation

Noun

دوزَخ • (dozax) m (Hindi spelling दोज़ख़)

  1. (religion) hell, hellfire
  2. (figurative) the stomach (especially one that is hungry), an empty stomach
  3. (Islam) Nafs-e-Ammarah (the human inclination or ego towards sin)

Declension

    Declension of دوزخ
singular plural
direct دوزخ (dozax) دوزخ (dozax)
oblique دوزخ (dozax) دوزخوں (dozaxõ)
vocative دوزخ (dozax) دوزخو (dozaxo)

Derived terms

References

  • “دوزخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “دوزخ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu دوزخ (dōzax).

Noun

دوزخ (dōzax)

  1. hell, hellfire
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