Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/duš-

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

Prefix

*duš-^[1]

bad
Antonym: *Hhu-

Derived terms

Proto-Iranian terms prefixed with *duš-

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHnā́ma

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušHáhuš

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dušmánāh

Descendants

Central Iranian
- Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)
Northestern Iranian:
- Khotanese: (duṣ-)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)
  
  Northern Kurdish: dij-, duj-
  
  Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-), دش- (diş-)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Parthian: (/⁠duž-, dōž-; diž-⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj), 𐫅𐫏𐫋 (dyj)
    - → Old Armenian: դժ- (dž-)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠duž⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj)
      - → Classical Persian: دژـ (duž-)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)
    - Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠duš-⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (dwš)
    
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)
    - Classical Persian: دش (duš-)
      Dari: دش (duš-)
      
      Iranian Persian: دش (doš-)
      
      Tajik: душ- (duš-)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*¹dauš-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 410-419

[1]