كأس

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See also: کاش, گاش, and کاس

Arabic

Root
ك ء س (k-ʔ-s)

Etymology

Has been envisioned as from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs-. The Arabic form could be a hypercorrection after a borrowing from the Aramaic forms listed under it however, since inheritance of Akkadian 𒃲 (kāsum) from such a proto-form is irregular as one expects vocalism like in Akkadian 𒊕 (rēšum) from Proto-Semitic *raʔš-, so also considering the absence in Ethiopian Semitic one may conclude a post-Proto-Semitic external borrowing.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kaʔs/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

كَأْس • (kaʔs) f (plural كُؤُوس (kuʔūs) or أَكْؤُس (ʔakʔus) or كِئَاس (kiʔās))

  1. a glass, especially a wine glass or arak glass
  2. a cup, goblet, tumbler
  3. a cup trophy
    كَأْس العَالَمِ ― kaʔs al-ʕālami ― world cup

Declension

Declension of noun كَأْس (kaʔs)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كَأْس
kaʔs 		الْكَأْس
al-kaʔs 		كَأْس
kaʔs
Nominative كَأْسٌ
kaʔsun 		الْكَأْسُ
al-kaʔsu 		كَأْسُ
kaʔsu
Accusative كَأْسًا
kaʔsan 		الْكَأْسَ
al-kaʔsa 		كَأْسَ
kaʔsa
Genitive كَأْسٍ
kaʔsin 		الْكَأْسِ
al-kaʔsi 		كَأْسِ
kaʔsi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كَأْسَيْن
kaʔsayn 		الْكَأْسَيْن
al-kaʔsayn 		كَأْسَيْ
kaʔsay
Nominative كَأْسَانِ
kaʔsāni 		الْكَأْسَانِ
al-kaʔsāni 		كَأْسَا
kaʔsā
Accusative كَأْسَيْنِ
kaʔsayni 		الْكَأْسَيْنِ
al-kaʔsayni 		كَأْسَيْ
kaʔsay
Genitive كَأْسَيْنِ
kaʔsayni 		الْكَأْسَيْنِ
al-kaʔsayni 		كَأْسَيْ
kaʔsay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كُؤُوس‎; أَكْؤُس‎; كِئَاس
kuʔūs‎; ʔakʔus‎; kiʔās 		الْكُؤُوس‎; الْأَكْؤُس‎; الْكِئَاس
al-kuʔūs‎; al-ʔakʔus‎; al-kiʔās 		كُؤُوس‎; أَكْؤُس‎; كِئَاس
kuʔūs‎; ʔakʔus‎; kiʔās
Nominative كُؤُوسٌ‎; أَكْؤُسٌ‎; كِئَاسٌ
kuʔūsun‎; ʔakʔusun‎; kiʔāsun 		الْكُؤُوسُ‎; الْأَكْؤُسُ‎; الْكِئَاسُ
al-kuʔūsu‎; al-ʔakʔusu‎; al-kiʔāsu 		كُؤُوسُ‎; أَكْؤُسُ‎; كِئَاسُ
kuʔūsu‎; ʔakʔusu‎; kiʔāsu
Accusative كُؤُوسًا‎; أَكْؤُسًا‎; كِئَاسًا
kuʔūsan‎; ʔakʔusan‎; kiʔāsan 		الْكُؤُوسَ‎; الْأَكْؤُسَ‎; الْكِئَاسَ
al-kuʔūsa‎; al-ʔakʔusa‎; al-kiʔāsa 		كُؤُوسَ‎; أَكْؤُسَ‎; كِئَاسَ
kuʔūsa‎; ʔakʔusa‎; kiʔāsa
Genitive كُؤُوسٍ‎; أَكْؤُسٍ‎; كِئَاسٍ
kuʔūsin‎; ʔakʔusin‎; kiʔāsin 		الْكُؤُوسِ‎; الْأَكْؤُسِ‎; الْكِئَاسِ
al-kuʔūsi‎; al-ʔakʔusi‎; al-kiʔāsi 		كُؤُوسِ‎; أَكْؤُسِ‎; كِئَاسِ
kuʔūsi‎; ʔakʔusi‎; kiʔāsi

Descendants

  • Gulf Arabic: كاس (kās)
  • Maltese: kies
  • Moroccan Arabic: كاس (kās)
  • → Hijazi Arabic: كأس (kaʔs) (learned)

References

  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 171
  • van Putten, Marijn (2022) Quranic Arabic. From its Hijazi Origins to its Classical Reading Traditions (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 106)‎, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, 6.4.11 Kās → kaʔs, page 167
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كأس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 868–869

Hijazi Arabic

كَأْس

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic كَأْس (kaʔs).

Pronunciation

Noun

كأس • (kaʔs) m (plural كُؤُوس (kuʾūs))

  1. cup (trophy)
    Synonym: كاس (kās)

See also

  • كاسة (kāsa, “glass”) (drinking vessel)
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