Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kaʔs-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*kaʔs- m or f

  1. beaker, goblet, cup, stoop

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *kaʔs-
case singular dual plural
nominative *kaʔsum *kaʔsāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *kaʔsam *kaʔsayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *kaʔsim
possessive forms
1st person *kaʔsī / *kaʔsVya *kaʔsVni
2nd person m *kaʔsVka *kaʔsVkumā / *kaʔsVkumay *kaʔsVkum(ū)
2nd person f *kaʔsVki *kaʔsVkin(ā)
3rd person m *kaʔsVšu *kaʔsVšumā / *kaʔsVšumay *kaʔsVšum(ū)
3rd person f *kaʔsVša *kaʔsVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kaʔsuya for nom. case, *kaʔsiya for gen. case, *kaʔsaya for acc. case, etc.

Feminine:

Declension of *kaʔs-
case singular dual plural
nominative *kaʔsum *kaʔsāna *kaʔsātum
accusative *kaʔsam *kaʔsayna *kaʔsātim
genitive *kaʔsim
possessive forms
1st person *kaʔsī / *kaʔsVya *kaʔsVni
2nd person m *kaʔsVka *kaʔsVkumā / *kaʔsVkumay *kaʔsVkum(ū)
2nd person f *kaʔsVki *kaʔsVkin(ā)
3rd person m *kaʔsVšu *kaʔsVšumā / *kaʔsVšumay *kaʔsVšum(ū)
3rd person f *kaʔsVša *kaʔsVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kaʔsuya for nom. case, *kaʔsiya for gen. case, *kaʔsaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒃲 (kāsum)
    • Eblaite: 𒄀𒋗 (gi-šu)
    • Hittite: 𒂵𒀀𒍣 (ga-a-zi /⁠kazzi⁠/)
    • Hurrian: 𒅗𒍪 (ka-su₂ /⁠kazi-⁠/)
  • West Semitic: