چوب
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Persian
Alternative forms
- چوپ (čup)
Etymology
From Middle Persian (cwp /čōb/, “wood, stick”). Cognate with Central Kurdish چو (çu), شیو (şîw), Sanskrit क्षुप (kṣupa, “bush”). Further connections outside Indo-Iranian uncertain.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | čōḇ |
| Dari reading? | čōb |
| Iranian reading? | čub |
| Tajik reading? | čüb |
Noun
| Dari | چوب |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | чӯб |
چوب • (čub) (plural چوب‌ها (čub-hâ))
- wood
- Synonym: الوار (alvâr)
- چوب ماهون ― čub-e mâhun ― mahogany wood
- stick; staff; wooden pole
- c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:
- برف و سرمایی عظیم بود و در صحرایی در پیش شهر، مقداری راه چوبی به زمین فرو برده بودند تا مردم روز برف و دمه بر هنجار آن چوب می‌روند.
- barf u sarmāyī azīm būd u dar sahrāyē dar pēš-i šahr, miqdarē rāh čōbē ba zamīn furō burda būdand tā mardum rōz-i barf u dama bar hanjār-i ān čōb mē-rawand.
- The snow and cold was extreme, and in the wasteland before the city, they had inserted a wooden pole into the earth along a portion of the road so that people could make their way by that pole on a day of snow and blizzard.
- blow (with a stick)
- (obsolete) tree
- Synonym: درخت (deraxt)
- c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:
- و در آن حدود مردم را دیدم که در کوه می‌گردیدند و چوبی چون درخت سرو می‌بریدند. پرسیدم که از این چه می‌کنید؟ گفتند: این چوب را یک سر در آتش می‌کنیم و از دیگر سر آن قطران بیرون می‌آید، همه را در چاه جمع می‌کنیم و از آنجا در ظروف می‌کنیم و به اطراف می‌بریم.
- wa dar ān hudūd mardum rā dīdam ki dar kōh mē-gardīdand u čōbē čōn diraxt-i sarv mē-barridand. pursīdam ki az īn či mē-kunēd? guftand: īn čōb rā yak sar dar ātiš mē-kunēm u az digar sar-i ān qatrān bērōn mē-āyad. hama rā dar čāh jam' mē-kunēm u az ānjā dar zurūf mē-kunēm u ba atrāf mē-barēm.
- And in that neighborhood, I saw people who were strolling in the mountains and cutting down a tree like a cypress. I asked, "What are you doing by this?" They said: "If you put one end of this tree in fire, tar comes out the other end. We're putting all of it together in a pit, putting them into pots, and bringing them to the lands nearby ."
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چوب”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “cwp”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 23
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 99
- Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 77