خوب

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See also: چوپ, حوت, چوٹ, چوت, جوب, and چوب

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian خوب (xub).

Adjective

خوب (xōb)

  1. (with a following noun) good; someone or something good
  2. well

Persian

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₃ép-o-s
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHápas
    Proto-Iranian *HhuHā́pah
    Persian خوب

    From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭡 (xūb), from Old Persian (*ʰuvāpa), from Proto-Iranian *HhuHā́pah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHápas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”) +‎ *h₃épos (“work”). Compare Sogdian (xwp).

    Pronunciation

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? xūḇ
    Dari reading? xūb
    Iranian reading? xub
    Tajik reading? xub
    • Audio (Iran):(file)

    Adjective

    خوب • (xūb / xub) (comparative خوب‌تَر or بِهْتَر (bihtar / behtar), superlative خوب‌تَرین or بِهْتَرین (bihtarīn / behtarin), Tajik spelling хуб)

    1. good
    2. well
    3. nice

    Usage notes

    Inflection

    Predicative forms of خوب (xub)
    singular plural
    1st person
    (“I am, we are”)     		خوبم (xubam) خوبیم (xubim)
    2nd person
    (“you are”)     		خوبی (xubi) خوبید، خوبین△ (xubid, xubin△)
    3rd person
    (“he/she/it is, they are”)     		خوب است، خوبه△ (xub ast, xube△) خوبند، خوبن△ (xuband, xuban△)

    △ Colloquial.

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Kazakh: құп (qūp)
    • Kyrgyz: куп (kup)
    • Urdu: خوب (xub)
    • Uzbek: xoʻp

    Adverb

    Dari خوب
    Iranian Persian
    Tajik хуб

    خوب • (xub)

    1. well
    2. nicely

    Antonyms

    Descendants

    References

    • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “خوب”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
    • Aryanpur-Kashani, Manoochehr (2005) The Aryanpur Progressive Persian–English Dictionary‎, Tehran: Jahan Rayaneh, →ISBN
    • Rubinčik Ju. A., editor (1985), “خوب”, in Persidsko-russkij slovarʹ ‎ (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk
    • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خوب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
    • “خوب”, in Langenscheidt Universal-Wörterbuch Persisch, München: Langenscheidt, 2002, →ISBN

    Urdu

    Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *h₃ép-o-s
      Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHápas
      Proto-Iranian *HhuHā́pah
      Classical Persian خُوب (xūb)bor.
      Urdu خُوب (xūb)

      Borrowed from Classical Persian خُوب (xūb). First attested in c. 1421 as Middle Hindi خوب (xvb /⁠xūb⁠/).

      Pronunciation

      Adjective

      خُوب • (xūb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ूब)

      1. good, well, in a good manner
      2. (sarcastic) bad
      3. pleasant
      4. admirable
      5. healthy
      6. pious
      7. reasonable

      Derived terms

      Adverb

      خُوب • (xūb) (Hindi spelling ख़ूब)

      1. very, many, much, a lot
        Synonyms: کافِی (kāfī), بَہَت (bahat), اَنیک (anek), بیش (beś)

      Phrase

      خُوب • (xūb) (Hindi spelling ख़ूब)

      1. good, excellent
      2. wow, hurray, excellent
      3. (sarcastic) great, excellent

      References

      1. ^ “خوب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

      Further reading

      • “خوب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
      • Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “خوب”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia
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