ܟܠ

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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Root
ܟ ܠ ܠ (k l l)
5 terms

Inherited from Aramaic כֹּל (kol), either from Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or *kull-; compare Arabic كُلّ (kull), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Akkadian 𒆕𒀀𒁉 (kalûm), Hebrew כֹּל (kol).

Pronunciation

Particle

ܟܠ (kul)

  1. All; each; every. see usage notes below
    ܚܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ ܦܪܝܼܣ ܠܹܗ ܠܟܠ ܩܘܼܪ̈ܢܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܐ ܡܸܨܥܵܝܵܐ
    ḥarṯā liššānā āšōrāyā prīs lēh l-kul qurnyāṯā dmaḏnḥā miṣˁāyā
    The Assyrian language then quickly spread to all corners of the Middle East.
  2. (with suffix pronoun) entire, entirety of, all of something
    ܒܹܐ݇ܡܵܪܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܐܸܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ: ܟܠܹܗ ܥܲܠܡܵܐ ܓܸܫܪܵܐ ܥܝܼܩܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ، ܘܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܕܠܵܐ ܙܵܕ݂ܥܝܼܬܘܿܢ ܠܥܵܠܲܡ.
    bēmārā ìwen illawḵōn: kullēh ˁalmā gišrā ˁīqā ìlēh, w-mindī ānanqāyā ìlēh d-lā zāḏˁītōn l-ˁālam.
    I tell you all; the entire world is a very narrow bridge, and the important thing is to never have fear.
    ܐܸܕܝܘܿܡ ܡܗܘܼܠܸܟ݂ ܠܝܼ ܒܟܠܹܗ ܒܲܝܬܵܐ.
    idyōm mhūliḵ lī b-kullēh baytā.
    Today I walked throughout the whole house.

Usage notes

  • This term is most commonly found in its construct form, ܟܠ (kul, all-of). When this is the case, all agreement — gender, number, person — is with the following noun. For example, ܟܠܲܢ (kullan, all-of-us, everyone) is plural, first-person, and usually masculine (but it will be feminine if it's referring to a specific group, all of whose members are female).
  • (all, each, every): When this word is uninflected, it will always have the meaning “all,” “each,” or “every,” except when not related to another word, where then it may also mean “the whole,” or “the entirety of.”
    For example, ܟܠ ܒܲܝܬܵܐkull baytāevery/each house, but ܟܠܹܗ ܒܲܝܬܵܐkullēh baytāthe entire house (literally, “All of him the house”).
    For example, ܟܠܲܢkullan when not directly related to another word, may be “all of us,” “each one of us,” “every one of us,” or “the entirety of us”
  • Colloquially, it is often pronounced as IPA(key): when it carries the meaning of "each".

Inflection

Inflection of ܟܠ
base form ܟܠ (kul)
Personal-pronoun including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person ܟܠܝܼ (klī) ܟܠܲܢ (kullan)
2nd person ܟܠܘܼܟ݂ (klōḵ) ܟܠܵܟ݂ܝ (kullāḵ) ܟܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (klawḵōn)
3rd person ܟܠܹܗ (kullēh) ܟܠܵܗ̇ (kullāh) ܟܠܗܘܿܢ (kullhōn)

Derived terms