क्षुण्ण

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षुण्ण (kṣuṇṇa).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʂʊɳɳ/,

क्षुण्ण • (kṣuṇṇ) (indeclinable) (formal)

1. crushed, shattered; broken into pieces
2. practised, followed
3. defeated

   Synonyms: पराजित (parājit), हारा हुआ (hārā huā)

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “क्षुण्ण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi : Nagari Pracarini Sabha

From Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-nó-s, from *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to disperse, to scatter, to pulverise”). Synchronically analysable as क्षुद् (kṣud, root) +‎ -न (-na).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂuɳ.ɳɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʂuɳ.ɳɐ/

क्षुण्ण • (kṣuṇṇa) stem

1. pounded, pulverised, crushed, stamped or trampled upon, shattered, cut, broken into pieces
   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.21.52-54:

     न यदा रथमास्थाय जैत्रं मणिगणार्पितम्। विस्फूर्जच्चण्डकोदण्डो रथेन त्रासयन्नघान्॥ स्वसैन्यचरणक्षुण्णं वेपयन्मण्डलं भुवः। विकर्षन् बृहतीं सेनां पर्यटस्यंशुमानिव॥ तदैव सेतवः सर्वे वर्णाश्रमनिबन्धनाः। भगवद्रचिता राजन् भिद्येरन् बत दस्युभिः॥

     na yadā rathamāsthāya jaitraṃ maṇigaṇārpitam. visphūrjaccaṇḍakodaṇḍo rathena trāsayannaghān. svasainyacaraṇakṣuṇṇaṃ vepayanmaṇḍalaṃ bhuvaḥ. vikarṣan bṛhatīṃ senāṃ paryaṭasyaṃśumāniva. tadaiva setavaḥ sarve varṇāśramanibandhanāḥ. bhagavadracitā rājan bhidyeran bata dasyubhiḥ.

     If you did not mount your victorious jeweled chariot, whose mere presence threatens culprits, if you did not produce fierce sounds by the twanging of your bow, and if you did not roam about the world like the brilliant sun, leading a huge army whose trampling feet cause the globe of the earth to tremble, then all the moral laws governing the varṇas and āśramas created by the Lord himself would be broken by the rogues and rascals.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 6.18.65:

     न ममार दितेर्गर्भः श्रीनिवासानुकम्पया। बहुधा कुलिशक्षुण्णो द्रौण्यस्त्रेण यथा भवान्॥

     na mamāra ditergarbhaḥ śrīnivāsānukampayā. bahudhā kuliśakṣuṇṇo drauṇyastreṇa yathā bhavān.

     Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: My dear King Parīkṣita, you were burned by the brahmāstra of Aśvatthāman, but when Lord Kṛṣṇa entered the womb of your mother, you were saved. Similarly, although the one embryo was cut into forty-nine pieces by the thunderbolt of Indra, they were all saved by the mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

2. defeated, overcome
3. violated (as a vow)
4. practised, followed
5. thought over, reflected on

• Prakrit: 𑀔𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (khuṇṇa), 𑀙𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡 (chuṇṇa)
• → Hindi: क्षुण्ण (kṣuṇṇ) (learned)

• Monier Williams (1899) “क्षुण्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 330, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kṣuṇṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “क्षुण्ण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kṣuṇṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press