चतुर्गुण

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चतुर्गुण (caturguṇa). Doublet of चौगुना (caugunā).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾ.ɡʊɳ/,

चतुर्गुण • (caturguṇ) (indeclinable)

1. (formal) quadruple

   Synonym: चौगुना (caugunā)

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “चतुर्गुण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi : Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1461

Bahuvrīhi compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) +‎ गुण (guṇa, “times, fold”, in compounds).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́.tuɾ.ɡu.ɳɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐˈt̪uɾ.ɡu.ɳɐ/

चतुर्गुण • (cáturguṇa) stem

1. quadruple, fourfold
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
   • c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa :

     तथा चोक्तम्
     आहारो द्विगुणः स्त्रीणां बुद्धिस्तासां चतुर्गुणा ।
     षड्गुणो व्यवसायश्च कामश्चाष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥

     tathā coktam
     āhāro dviguṇaḥ strīṇāṃ buddhistāsāṃ caturguṇā.
     ṣaḍguṇo vyavasāyaśca kāmaścāṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.

     Thus, it is said: livelihood of women is double, their intelligence is quadruple, their resolution is sextuple, and their desire is octuple.

• Pali: catugguṇa
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀼𑀡 (caügguṇa) (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindi: चतुर्गुण (caturguṇ)
• → Thai: จตุรคูณ (jà-dtù-rá-kuun)

• Monier Williams (1899) “चतुर्गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 384, column 2.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “caturguṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “चतुर्गुण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 695
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cáturguṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249