गुण

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See also: गण, गण्, and गुणा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡʊɳ/,

Noun

गुण (guṇm

  1. quality, condition
    उसके कोई अच्छे गुण हैं ही नहीं।
    uske koī acche guṇ ha͠i hī nahī̃.
    He has no good qualities at all.
  2. characteristic, property
  3. merit, virtue

Declension

Alternative forms

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

Pronunciation

Noun

गुण (guṇm

  1. (good) quality,
  2. attribute, property
  3. excellence, merit, virtue
  4. benefit, advantage, good, gain
  5. product, effect, matter (produced or resulting)
  6. marks

Declension

Declension of गुण (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular
गुण
guṇ
direct
plural
गुण
guṇ
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
गुण
guṇ
गुण
guṇ
oblique
सामान्यरूप
गुणा
guṇā
गुणां-
guṇān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
गुणाला
guṇālā
गुणांना
guṇānnā
ergative गुणाने, गुणानं
guṇāne, guṇāna
गुणांनी
guṇānnī
instrumental गुणाशी
guṇāśī
गुणांशी
guṇānśī
locative
सप्तमी
गुणात
guṇāt
गुणांत
guṇāt
vocative
संबोधन
गुणा
guṇā
गुणांनो
guṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of गुण (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
गुणाचा
guṇāċā
गुणाचे
guṇāċe
गुणाची
guṇācī
गुणाच्या
guṇācā
गुणाचे, गुणाचं
guṇāċe, guṇāċa
गुणाची
guṇācī
गुणाच्या
guṇācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
गुणांचा
guṇānċā
गुणांचे
guṇānċe
गुणांची
guṇāñcī
गुणांच्या
guṇāncā
गुणांचे, गुणांचं
guṇānċe, guṇānċa
गुणांची
guṇāñcī
गुणांच्या
guṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

  • Berntsen, Maxine, “गुण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गुण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुण (guṇá).

Noun

गुण (guṇam

  1. virtue

Descendants

  • Gujarati: ગુણ (guṇ)

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

गुण m

  1. Devanagari script form of guṇa (string)
  2. Devanagari script form of guṇa (quality)

Declension

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. The oldest attested meaning is probably “time, occurrence”, though the original meaning is probably "hair" or "string". The prevailing theory links the word to Persian گون (gun, color; species); see there for more. Other theories connect the word to Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 (kunawida, fetters) and Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoiti, increases).

Pronunciation

Noun

गुण (guṇá) stemm

  1. string, strand
  2. sinew (of a bow)
  3. string (of an instrument)
  4. time (occurrence)
  5. quality, property
  6. (grammar, ablaut) full grade of vowels, ie /a/, /ar/, /e/, and /o/ (contrasts with zero grade and lengthened grade/vṛddhi)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गुण (guṇá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गुणः
guṇáḥ
गुणौ / गुणा¹
guṇaú / guṇā́¹
गुणाः / गुणासः¹
guṇā́ḥ / guṇā́saḥ¹
Vocative गुण
gúṇa
गुणौ / गुणा¹
gúṇau / gúṇā¹
गुणाः / गुणासः¹
gúṇāḥ / gúṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative गुणम्
guṇám
गुणौ / गुणा¹
guṇaú / guṇā́¹
गुणान्
guṇā́n
Instrumental गुणेन
guṇéna
गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām
गुणैः / गुणेभिः¹
guṇaíḥ / guṇébhiḥ¹
Dative गुणाय
guṇā́ya
गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām
गुणेभ्यः
guṇébhyaḥ
Ablative गुणात्
guṇā́t
गुणाभ्याम्
guṇā́bhyām
गुणेभ्यः
guṇébhyaḥ
Genitive गुणस्य
guṇásya
गुणयोः
guṇáyoḥ
गुणानाम्
guṇā́nām
Locative गुणे
guṇé
गुणयोः
guṇáyoḥ
गुणेषु
guṇéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0357/1.
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुण”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 489
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 338