উপর

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Bengali

Etymology

Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀉𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀭𑀺 (uppari), from Sanskrit উপরি (upari) in analogy with উত্তর (uttara), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upéri.

Cognate with Assamese ওপৰ (üpor), Odia ଉପର (upara), Hindustani اوپر / ऊपर (ūpar), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Latin super, Albanian epër, Old English ofer (whence English over).

Pronunciation

  • (Rarh) IPA(key): /upoɾ/,
    Audio:(file)
  • (Dhaka) IPA(key): /upoɹ/,

Noun

উপর (upor)

  1. top, upper part
    Antonyms: নীচ (nic), নিচু (nicu)
  2. roof
  3. surface

Declension

Inflection of উপর
nominative উপর
upōr
objective উপর / উপরকে
upōr (semantically general or indefinite) / upōrke (semantically definite)
genitive উপরের
upōrer
locative উপরে
upōre
Indefinite forms
nominative উপর
upōr
objective উপর / উপরকে
upōr (semantically general or indefinite) / upōrke (semantically definite)
genitive উপরের
upōrer
locative উপরে
upōre
Definite forms
singular plural
nominative উপরটা , উপরটি
upōrṭa (colloquial), upōrṭi (formal)
উপরগুলা, উপরগুলো
upōrgula (colloquial), upōrgulo (formal)
objective উপরটা, উপরটি
upōrṭa (colloquial), upōrṭi (formal)
উপরগুলা, উপরগুলো
upōrgula (colloquial), upōrgulo (formal)
genitive উপরটার, উপরটির
upōrṭar (colloquial), upōrṭir (formal)
উপরগুলার, উপরগুলোর
upōrgular (colloquial), upōrgulor (formal)
locative উপরটাতে / উপরটায়, উপরটিতে
upōrṭate / upōrṭay (colloquial), upōrṭite (formal)
উপরগুলাতে / উপরগুলায়, উপরগুলোতে
upōrgulate / upōrgulay (colloquial), upōrgulote (formal)
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).

Adverb

উপর (upor)

  1. upper, upward
    Antonym: নীচে (nice)
  2. extra

Postposition

উপর (upor)

  1. up, on, upon, above, over
    Antonym: নীচে (nice)

Derived terms

References

  • Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “উপর”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “uppari”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press