ᄀᆞᆲ다

Middle Korean

Etymology

From earlier *kòlpó-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʌ̌lβ.tá/,

Verb

ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá) (infinitive ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮 (kòlWá), sequential ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮 (kòlWóní), phonemic spelling ᄀᆞᇕ다)

(transitive) to equal; to make parallel
- 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 21:I:78a–b:
  業(ᅌᅥᆸ〮)力(륵〮)이〮甚(씸〮)히〮 커〮能(느ᇰ)히〮須(슈)彌(미)ᄅᆞᆯ〮 ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮며〮 能(느ᇰ)히〮 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 두고〮 기프〮며〮
  NGÉP.LÚK-í SSÍM-hí khé NÙNG-hí SYÙ.MÌ-lól kòlWómyé NÙNG-hí pàlól twùkwó kìphúmyé
  The power of cause and effect is so great that it easily equals Mount Sumeru and the Great Ocean in depth.
- 1481, “王兵馬使二角鷹 / 왕병마사이각응”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해 [Bullyu Dugongbu Si Eonhae], page 17:11b:
  一生애〮 제 獵호〮ᄆᆞᆯ ᄀᆞᆯ오〮리 업〯소ᄆᆞᆯ〮 아〯노니〮
  IL.SOYNG-áy cèy LYEP-hwóm-òl kòlwól-ì ěpswòm-ól ǎnwòní
  All its life it has known none that matches it in hunting.
(intransitive) to be equal; to be parallel
- 1481, “貽華陽柳少府 / 이화양유소부”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해 [Bullyu Dugongbu Si Eonhae], page 19:37b:
  石堂ㅅ 아래〮 ᄀᆞᆯ와〮 안자〮 큰〮 ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 므〮릐 ᄃᆞ로〮ᄆᆞᆯ 구버〮 보〯라
  SYEK.TANG-s àláy kòlwá àncá khún kòlóm múl-ùy tòlwóm-òl kwùpé pwǒlà
  sat side by side in the chamber by the rock and looked down upon the large river as it rushed by.
- 1496, 육조법보단경언해 / 六祖法寶壇經諺解 [Korean Translation of the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch], volume 1, page 59a:
  내 모〮미〮 부텨와〮 ᄀᆞᆯ오〮리라〮
  này mwóm-í Pwùthyè-Gwá kòlwólìlá
  my body shall be equal to that of the Buddha

Conjugation

^{The template Template:okm-conj-short/R! does not use the parameter(s): 25=ᄀᆞᆲ〯거
26=kǒlpkè
37=ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡᆫ〮
38=kǒlpsòWán
41=ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡᆫ〮
42=kǒlpsòWán
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Selected conjugations of ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá), Accentual class R!
Note that the majority of the forms below are unattested for any one verb. Orthography and pitch accent assignment can vary between sources.
Selected plain sentence-final forms
	Declarative	Interrogative			Modulated declarative
	Declarative	Polar question	Wh-word question	Second-person subject	Modulated declarative
Past	ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (kǒlptá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (kòlWónìlá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮가〮 (kòlWónká) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮녀〮 (kòlWónyé)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮고〮 (kòlWónkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮뇨〮 (kòlWónyó)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮다〮 (kòlWóntá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮라〮 (kòlWwólá)
Present	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (kǒlpnòtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpnónìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (kǒlpnònká) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (kǒlpnònyé)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (kǒlpnònkwó) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (kǒlpnònyó)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (kǒlpnòntá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯노라〮 (kǒlpnwòlá)
Conjectural	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (kòlWólìlá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮가〮 (kòlWólqká) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮려〮 (kòlWólyé)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮고〮 (kòlWólqkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮료〮 (kòlWólyó)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮다〮 (kòlWólqtá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮리라〮 (kòlWwólìlá)
Retrospective/ imperfective	ᄀᆞᆲ〯더라〮 (kǒlptèlá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮니라〮 (kǒlpténìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯던가〮 (kǒlptènká) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더녀〮 (kǒlptènyé)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯던고〮 (kǒlptènkwó) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더뇨〮 (kǒlptènyó)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯던다〮 (kǒlptèntá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯다라〮 (kǒlptàlá)
Promissive/Hortative		Imperative		Exclamatory/Emotive
ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯져〮 (kǒlpcyé, hortative)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮라〮 (kòlWólá, order) ᄀᆞᆲ〯고라〮 (kǒlpkwòlá, request)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮뎌〮 (kòlWóntyé), ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆯ〮쎠〮 (kòlWólssyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮라〮 (kòlWáylá)
Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms
Past	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWóníngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kòlWóníngìská)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kòlWóníngìskwó)	no separate forms	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWwóngìtá)
Present	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnòníngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kǒlpnòníngìská)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kǒlpnòníngìskwó)		ᄀᆞᆲ〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpnwóngìtá)
Conjectural	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWólíngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (kòlWólíngìská)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (kòlWólíngìskwó)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWwólíngìtá)
Promissive/Hortative		Imperative		Exclamatory/Emotive
ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮마〮 (kòlWwómá, promissive) ᄀᆞᆲ〯사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpsángìtá, hortative)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮쇼셔〮 (kòlWósyòsyé, order)		ᄀᆞᆲ〯도다〮 (kǒlptwòtá), ᄀᆞᆲ〯돗다〮 (kǒlptwòstá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅢ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWáyngìtá)
Selected honorific declarative forms
	Past	Present	Conjectural	Retrospective/ imperfective	거 (-ke-) form
Plain subject-honoring	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시다〮 (kòlWósìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 (kòlWósínìlá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (kòlWósínòtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kòlWósìnónìlá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 (kòlWósílìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮시다〮 (kǒlptésìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더시〮니라〮 (kǒlptèsínìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯거〮시다〮 (kǒlpkésìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거시〮니라〮 (kǒlpkèsínìlá)
Deferential subject-honoring	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósìníngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósìnóngìtá) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósínòníngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kòlWósílíngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlptèsíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlptésìníngìtá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯거시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpkèsíngìtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (kǒlpkésìníngìtá)
Plain object-honoring	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯다〮 (kǒlpsǒptá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsòWónìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (kǒlpsǒpnòtá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsǒpnónìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (kǒlpsòWólìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (kǒlpsǒptèlá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (kǒlpsǒpténìlá)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮다〮 (kǒlpsòWátá) ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄉᆞᄫᅡ〮니라〮 (kǒlpsòWánìlá)
Selected connective forms
Connective	Causative	Conditional/situating	Contrastive/concessive	Purposive/desiderative	Infinitive
Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.")
ᄀᆞᆲ〯고〮 (kǒlpkwó) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮며〮 (kòlWómyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯다가〮 (kǒlptàká)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮니〮 (kòlWóní) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (kǒlpkènól) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 (kòlWólssóy, only in declarative) ᄀᆞᆲ〯관ᄃᆡ〮 (kǒlpkwàntóy, only in interrogative)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮면〮 (kòlWómyén) ᄀᆞᆲ〯거든〮 (kǒlpkètún) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 (kòlWóntáy) ᄀᆞᆲ〯건댄〮 (kǒlpkèntáyn)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮나〮 (kòlWóná) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 (kòlWwótóy) ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (kòlWóntól) ᄀᆞᆲ〯건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (kǒlpkénmàlón)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩ〮려〮 (kòlWwólyé) ᄀᆞᆲ〯고져〮 (kǒlpkwòcyé, desires own action) ᄀᆞᆲ〯과뎌〮 (kǒlpkwàtyé, desires other's action)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮 (kòlWá)
Adnominal/gerundive forms
	Past	Present		Conjectural
Unmodulated non-honorific	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᆫ〮 (kòlWón)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kǒlpnón)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞᇙ〮 (kòlWólq)
Modulated non-honorific	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆫ〮 (kòlWwón)	ᄀᆞᆲ〯논〮 (kǒlpnwón)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᇙ〮 (kòlWwólq)
Unmodulated subject-honoring	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮신〮 (kòlWósín)	ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (kòlWósìnón)		ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮시ᇙ〮 (kòlWósílq)
Substantive forms
Plain			Subject-honoring
ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅩᆷ〮 (kòlWwóm)			ᄀᆞᆯᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (kòlWósyám)

Derived terms

ᄀᆞᆯᄫᅡ〮쓰〮다〮 (kòlWá ssútá, “to write in parallel”)

Descendants

Gyeongsang Korean: 갋다 (galda)
Korean: 가루다 (garuda) (archaic)
⇒ Korean: 가리비 (garibi, “scallop”)
⇒ Korean: 갈비 (galbi, “rib”)
⇒ Korean: 갈피 (galpi, “a space between folds, layers, pages”)