ṭuppum

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Akkadian

𒁾𒁍𒌝

Etymology

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet, document”).

Pronunciation

(Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈtˤup.pum/

Noun

ṭuppum m or f (construct state ṭuppi, pronominal state ṭuppa, plural ṭuppū m or ṭuppātum f) (from Old Akkadian on)

tablet, document, letter
Synonym: 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu)

𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒁕𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam šaṭārum] ― ṭup-pá-am ša-ṭa-ru-um ― to write a document

𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam amārum] ― ṭup-pá-am a-ma-ru-um ― to read a tablet

𒁕𒀀𒀀𒉡𒌝 𒌅𒉺𒄠 𒄿𒍣𒅁
[dayyānum ṭuppam īzib]
da-a-a-nu-um ṭu₂-pa-am i-zi-ib
The judge made out a tablet.

Alternative forms

ṭuppu (non-mimated)
tuppu

Cuneiform spellings
Logograms	Phonetic
𒁾 (DUB) 𒅎 (IM) 𒅎𒁾 (IM.DUB) 𒁾𒁉 (DUB.BI) (Old/Middle Assyrian)	𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭup-pu-um)

Derived terms

bīt ṭuppim (“school”)
qan ṭupim (“stylus”)

Descendants

→ Classical Syriac: ܛܒܥܐ (tˤavʿā)
→ Hebrew: דַּף (dap̄)
→ Elamite:
- → Old Persian: 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (dipi-, “inscription; document”)
  - Middle Persian: dywʾn' (dīwān) (see there for further descendants)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dibīr)
    - Persian: دبیر (dabir, debir)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: دبیر (debîr)
    - → Niya Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨬𐨁𐨪 (divira)
    - → Old Armenian: դպիր (dpir) (from some Middle Iranian language, possibly Middle Persian)
      - → Armenian: դպիր (dpir)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯 (dp)
    - Persian: دف (daf) (see there for further descendants)
  - Middle Persian:
    - Persian: دب (dab)
      - → Arabic: أَدَب (ʔadab, “etiquette, education, being well-read, literature”) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨤𐨁 (dipi) (Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra)
    - Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 (lipi, Girnar, Dhauli, Jaugada)
      - → Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi)
        → Assamese: লিপি (lipi) (learned)
        → Bengali: লিপি (lipi) (learned)
        → Gujarati: લિપિ (lipi) (learned)
        → Hindi: लिपि (lipi) (learned)
        → Malayalam: ലിപി (lipi) (learned)
        → Marathi: लिपी (lipī) (learned)
        → Punjabi: ਲਿਪੀ (lipī) (learned)
        → Sylheti: ꠟꠤꠙꠤ (lifi)
>? Central Kurdish: دیو (dîw, “room, chamber”)

References

“ṭuppu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ṭuppu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag

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