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From earlier *diβi-vān, from the adjective *dipi-vān-(“relating to documents”), from Old Persian*dipi-vahanam(“document house”), composed from 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡(di-i-p-i/dipi-/, “inscription; document”) (from Elamite, from Akkadian𒁾𒁍𒌝(ṭuppum, “tablet, document, letter”), from Sumerian𒁾(dub, “clay tablet”), and *vahana-(“house”) (whence also Persianجا(jâ, “place”)), from Proto-Indo-European*h₂wes-(“to dwell”). For the first component, compare Middle Persian𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥(dpywr/dibīr/) / dpyr' / dpywr'(dibīr, “scribe”), from Old Persian*dipī-var-.
For the reading, compare Old Armenianդիւան(diwan). The forms with ē (as opposed to ī) in Persian may have been a secondary pronunciation developed due to folk etymologies; see de Blois for more.