ἐπιούσιος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Ultimately either from ἐπῐ́ (epí, “on”) + εἶμῐ (eîmi, “go, come”) or from ἐπῐ́ (epí, “on”) + εἰμῐ́ (eimí, “be”). Possible etymologies include:
- From the phrase ἡ ἐπῐοῦσᾰ ἡμέρᾱ (hē epioûsa hēmérā, “the following day”), essentially breaking down into ἐπῐοῦσᾰ (epioûsa, “next, following”) + -ῐος (-ios, adjectival suffix), where ἐπῐοῦσᾰ (epioûsa) is the feminine nominative singular of ἐπῐών (epiṓn) the present participle of ἔπειμῐ (épeimi) (“follow, come after”) from ἐπ- (ep-, “on”) + εἶμῐ (eîmi, “go, come”).
- From the phrase ἐπὶ τὴν οὖσᾰν ἡμέρᾱν (epì tḕn oûsan hēmérān, “for the actual/current day, lit. for the day being”), essentially breaking down into ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on”) + οὖσᾰ (oûsa, “being, actual”) + -ῐος (-ios, adjectival suffix), where οὖσᾰ (oûsa) is the feminine nominative singular of ὤν (ṓn), the present participle of εἰμῐ́ (eimí) (“be”).
- From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on”) + οὐσῐ́ᾱ (ousíā, “essence, existence, substance”) + -ῐος (-ios, adjectival suffix), cognate with ἐπουσῐ́ᾱ (epousíā, “surplus”) from ἐπών (epṓn, “remaining”), the present participle of ἔπειμῐ (épeimi) (“remain, be left over”) from ἐπ- (ep-, “on”) + εἰμῐ́ (eimí, “be”), but a separate Koine innovation of the roots to explain why the iota of ἐπῐ́ (epí) was not dropped.
Not attested outside of the Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:3, in the phrase τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπῐούσῐον (tòn árton hēmôn tòn epioúsion), traditionally rendered as "our daily bread".
Adjective
ἐπῐούσῐος • (epioúsios) m or f (neuter ἐπῐούσῐον); second declension
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- for tomorrow, for the future (for possible etymology #1)
- daily, sufficient for the day (for possible etymology #2)
- essential, necessary, supersubstantial (for possible etymology #3)
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | ἐπῐούσῐος epioúsios |
ἐπῐούσῐον epioúsion |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐούσῐοι epioúsioi |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epioúsia | ||||||||
| Genitive | ἐπῐουσῐ́ου epiousíou |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ου epiousíou |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epiousíoin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epiousíoin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ων epiousíōn |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ων epiousíōn | ||||||||
| Dative | ἐπῐουσῐ́ῳ epiousíōi |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ῳ epiousíōi |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epiousíoin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epiousíoin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οις epiousíois |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οις epiousíois | ||||||||
| Accusative | ἐπῐούσῐον epioúsion |
ἐπῐούσῐον epioúsion |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ους epiousíous |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epioúsia | ||||||||
| Vocative | ἐπῐούσῐε epioúsie |
ἐπῐούσῐον epioúsion |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epiousíō |
ἐπῐούσῐοι epioúsioi |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epioúsia | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| ἐπῐουσῐ́ως epiousíōs |
ἐπῐουσῐώτερος epiousiṓteros |
ἐπῐουσῐώτᾰτος epiousiṓtatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Descendants
- Greek: επιούσιος (epioúsios)
See also
- supersubstantialis
- supersubstantial
- насѫщьнъ (nasǫštĭnŭ)
References
- ^ “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἐπιούσιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G1967 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- M. Nijman and K. A. Worp. "ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ in a documentary papyrus?". Novum Testamentum XLI (1999) 3 (July), p. 231-234.
- B.M. Metzger, "How Many Times Does ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ Occur outside The Lord's Prayer?" ExpTimes 69 (1957–58) 52-54.