ἐπιούσιος
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. Ultimately either from ἐπῐ́ (epĭ́, “on”) + εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “go, come”) or from ἐπῐ́ (epĭ́, “on”) + εἰμῐ́ (eimĭ́, “be”). Possible etymologies include:
- From the phrase ἡ ἐπῐοῦσᾰ ἡμέρᾱ (hē epĭoûsă hēmérā, “the following day”),[1] essentially breaking down into ἐπῐοῦσᾰ (epĭoûsă, “next, following”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, adjectival suffix), where ἐπῐοῦσᾰ (epĭoûsă) is the feminine nominative singular of ἐπῐών (epĭṓn) the present participle of ἔπειμῐ (épeimĭ) (“follow, come after”) from ἐπ- (ep-, “on”) + εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “go, come”).
- From the phrase ἐπὶ τὴν οὖσᾰν ἡμέρᾱν (epì tḕn oûsăn hēmérān, “for the actual/current day, lit. for the day being”),[2] essentially breaking down into ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “on”) + οὖσᾰ (oûsă, “being, actual”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, adjectival suffix), where οὖσᾰ (oûsă) is the feminine nominative singular of ὤν (ṓn), the present participle of εἰμῐ́ (eimĭ́) (“be”).
- From ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “on”) + οὐσῐ́ᾱ (ousĭ́ā, “essence, existence, substance”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, adjectival suffix), cognate with ἐπουσῐ́ᾱ (epousĭ́ā, “surplus”) from ἐπών (epṓn, “remaining”), the present participle of ἔπειμῐ (épeimĭ) (“remain, be left over”) from ἐπ- (ep-, “on”) + εἰμῐ́ (eimĭ́, “be”), but a separate Koine innovation of the roots to explain why the iota of ἐπῐ́ (epĭ́) was not dropped.
Not attested outside of the Lord's Prayer in Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:3, in the phrase τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπῐούσῐον (tòn árton hēmôn tòn epĭoúsĭon), traditionally rendered as "our daily bread".
Adjective
ἐπῐούσῐος • (epĭoúsĭos) m or f (neuter ἐπῐούσῐον); second declension
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- for tomorrow, for the future (for possible etymology #1)
- daily, sufficient for the day (for possible etymology #2)
- essential, necessary, supersubstantial (for possible etymology #3)
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | ἐπῐούσῐος epĭoúsĭos |
ἐπῐούσῐον epĭoúsĭon |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐούσῐοι epĭoúsĭoi |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epĭoúsĭă | ||||||||
| Genitive | ἐπῐουσῐ́ου epĭousĭ́ou |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ου epĭousĭ́ou |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epĭousĭ́oin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epĭousĭ́oin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ων epĭousĭ́ōn |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ων epĭousĭ́ōn | ||||||||
| Dative | ἐπῐουσῐ́ῳ epĭousĭ́ōi |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ῳ epĭousĭ́ōi |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epĭousĭ́oin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οιν epĭousĭ́oin |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οις epĭousĭ́ois |
ἐπῐουσῐ́οις epĭousĭ́ois | ||||||||
| Accusative | ἐπῐούσῐον epĭoúsĭon |
ἐπῐούσῐον epĭoúsĭon |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ους epĭousĭ́ous |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epĭoúsĭă | ||||||||
| Vocative | ἐπῐούσῐε epĭoúsĭe |
ἐπῐούσῐον epĭoúsĭon |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐουσῐ́ω epĭousĭ́ō |
ἐπῐούσῐοι epĭoúsĭoi |
ἐπῐούσῐᾰ epĭoúsĭă | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| ἐπῐουσῐ́ως epĭousĭ́ōs |
ἐπῐουσῐώτερος epĭousĭṓteros |
ἐπῐουσῐώτᾰτος epĭousĭṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Descendants
- Greek: επιούσιος (epioúsios)
See also
- supersubstantialis
- supersubstantial
- насѫщьнъ (nasǫštĭnŭ)
References
- ^ “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπιούσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἐπιούσιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G1967 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- M. Nijman and K. A. Worp. "ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ in a documentary papyrus?". Novum Testamentum XLI (1999) 3 (July), p. 231-234.
- B.M. Metzger, "How Many Times Does ΕΠΙΟΥΣΙΟΣ Occur outside The Lord's Prayer?" ExpTimes 69 (1957–58) 52-54.