-ιος

See also: ιός, Ίος, and ἰός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-yós.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /i.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /i.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /i.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.os/

Suffix

-ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension

Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of").

Inflection

First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐᾱ; -ῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ῐος -ios	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Genitive	-ῐου -iou	-ῐᾱς -iās	-ῐου -iou	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐαιν -iain	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐων -iōn	-ῐων -iōn	-ῐων -iōn
Dative	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐᾳ -iāi	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐαιν -iain	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐοις -iois	-ῐαις -iais	-ῐοις -iois
Accusative	-ῐον -ion	-ῐᾱν -iān	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐους -ious	-ῐᾱς -iās	-ῐᾰ -ia
Vocative	-ῐε -ie	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	-ῐως -iōs			-ῐώτερος -iṓteros			-ῐώτᾰτος -iṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐη; -ῐον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ῐος -ios	-ῐη -iē	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Genitive	-ῐου / -ῐοῖο / -ῐοιο / -ῐόο / -ῐοο -iou / -ioîo / -ioio / -ióo / -ioo	-ῐης -iēs	-ῐου / -ῐοῖο / -ῐοιο / -ῐόο / -ῐοο -iou / -ioîo / -ioio / -ióo / -ioo	-ῐοιῐν -ioiin	-ῐαιν / -ῐαιῐν / -ῐῃῐν -iai(i)n / -iēiin	-ῐοιῐν -ioiin	-ῐων -iōn	-ῐᾱ́ων / -ῐέ͜ων / -ῐῶν -iā́ōn / -ié͜ōn / -iôn	-ῐων -iōn
Dative	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐῃ -iēi	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐοιῐν -ioiin	-ῐαιν / -ῐαιῐν / -ῐῃῐν -iai(i)n / -iēiin	-ῐοιῐν -ioiin	-ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις -ioisi(n) / -iois	-ῐῃσῐ / -ῐῃσῐν / -ῐῃς / -ῐαις -iēisi(n) / -iēis / -iais	-ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις -ioisi(n) / -iois
Accusative	-ῐον -ion	-ῐην -iēn	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐους -ious	-ῐᾱς -iās	-ῐᾰ -ia
Vocative	-ῐε -ie	-ῐη -iē	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	-ῐως -iōs			-ῐώτερος -iṓteros			-ῐώτᾰτος -iṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐη; -ῐον (Ionic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ῐος -ios	-ῐη -iē	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Genitive	-ῐου -iou	-ῐης -iēs	-ῐου -iou	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐαιν -iain	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐων -iōn	-ῐέων / -ῐῶν -iéōn / -iôn	-ῐων -iōn
Dative	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐῃ -iēi	-ῐῳ -iōi	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐαιν -iain	-ῐοιν -ioin	-ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις -ioisi(n) / -iois	-ῐῃσῐ / -ῐῃσῐν -iēisi(n)	-ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις -ioisi(n) / -iois
Accusative	-ῐον -ion	-ῐην -iēn	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐους -ious	-ῐᾱς -iās	-ῐᾰ -ia
Vocative	-ῐε -ie	-ῐη -iē	-ῐον -ion	-ῐω -iō	-ῐᾱ -iā	-ῐω -iō	-ῐοι -ioi	-ῐαι -iai	-ῐᾰ -ia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	-ῐως -iōs			-ῐώτερος -iṓteros			-ῐώτᾰτος -iṓtatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ιος

Descendants

Greek: -ιος (-ios)

References

Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858.2

Greek

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ios). Found in inherited words, and compositions of formal words.

Pronunciation

for older or formal words:

IPA^(key): /i.os/
Hyphenation: ι‧ος

Suffix

-ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο)

Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin:
‎Κύπρος (Kýpros, “Cyprus”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎Κύπριος (Kýprios, “Cypriot”) (noun, demonym)
Related term: -αίος (-aíos) for demonyms

‎θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective)

‎αιώνας (aiónas, “century”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎αιώνιος (aiónios, “eternal”) (adjective)

Declension

Declension of -ιος

number case \ gender	singular			plural
number case \ gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ιος •	-ια • / -ία •	-ιο •	-ιοι •	-ιες •	-ια •
genitive	-ιου • / -ίου •	-ιας • / -ίας •	-ιου • / -ίου •	-ιων • / -ίων •	-ιων • / -ίων •	-ιων • / -ίων •
accusative	-ιο •	-ια • / -ία •	-ιο •	-ιους • / -ίους •	-ιες •	-ια •
vocative	-ιε •	-ια • / -ία •	-ιο •	-ιοι •	-ιες •	-ια •
derivations	Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο -ιος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο -ιος, etc.)

Etymology 2

Modern formations of derivatives from verbs or adjectives + -ιος (-ios)

Pronunciation

in one syllable:

IPA^(key): /i̯os/ with palatal variants /ʝos, ʎos, ços, ɲos/ depending on the preceding consonant
Hyphenation: ιος

Suffix

-ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο)

Used to form adjectives indicating property, characteristic of the prototype word:
‎σαπίζω (sapízo, “I rot”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎σάπιος (sápios, “rotten”) /ˈsapços/ (from verb)

‎καθαρός (katharós, “clean”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎καθάριος (kathários, “clear”) /kaˈθaɾʝos/ (from adjective)

Declension

Declension of -ιος

number case \ gender	singular			plural
number case \ gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-ιος •	-ια •	-ιο •	-ιοι •	-ιες •	-ια •
genitive	-ιου •	-ιας •	-ιου •	-ιων •	-ιων •	-ιων •
accusative	-ιο •	-ια •	-ιο •	-ιους •	-ιες •	-ια •
vocative	-ιε •	-ια •	-ιο •	-ιοι •	-ιες •	-ια •
derivations	Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο -ιος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο -ιος, etc.)

Related terms

-ειος (-eios)

Derived terms

Greek terms suffixed with -ιος

Related terms

-ιός (-iós)

-ιος

Contents

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Greek

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Related terms

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia