Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-yós

  1. Creates adjectives from noun stems.

Usage notes

When affixed to athematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the suffix was stressed and the noun appeared in the oblique stem. When affixed to thematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the noun was dropped; accent remained on the noun stem if the thematic vowel was not originally accented.

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *(Ø)-yós *(Ø)-yéh₂
genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *(Ø)-yéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *(Ø)-yós *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóes
vocative *(Ø)-yé *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóes
accusative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóms
genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *? *(Ø)-yóHom
ablative *(Ø)-yéad *? *(Ø)-yómos
dative *(Ø)-yóey *? *(Ø)-yómos
locative *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy *? *(Ø)-yóysu
instrumental *(Ø)-yóh₁ *? *(Ø)-yṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *(Ø)-yéh₂ *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂es
vocative *(Ø)-yéh₂ *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂es
accusative *(Ø)-yā́m *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂m̥s
genitive *(Ø)-yéh₂s *? *(Ø)-yéh₂oHom
ablative *(Ø)-yéh₂s *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mos
dative *(Ø)-yéh₂ey *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mos
locative *(Ø)-yéh₂, *(Ø)-yéh₂i *? *(Ø)-yéh₂su
instrumental *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁ *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
vocative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
accusative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *? *(Ø)-yóHom
ablative *(Ø)-yéad *? *(Ø)-yómos
dative *(Ø)-yóey *? *(Ø)-yómos
locative *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy *? *(Ø)-yóysu
instrumental *(Ø)-yóh₁ *? *(Ø)-yṓys

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-yós
  • *e-yós
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos) (partially)
        • → Latin: -ēus
    • Proto-Italic: *-eos

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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