Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Suffix

    *(Ø)-yós[1]

    1. Creates adjectives from noun stems.

    Usage notes

    When affixed to athematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the suffix was stressed and the noun appeared in the oblique stem. When affixed to thematic nouns, the thematic vowel of the noun was dropped; accent remained on the noun stem if the thematic vowel was not originally accented.

    Inflection

    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *(Ø)-yós *(Ø)-yéh₂
    genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *(Ø)-yéh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-yós *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóes
    vocative *(Ø)-yé *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóes
    accusative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóh₁ *(Ø)-yóms
    genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *? *(Ø)-yóHom
    ablative *(Ø)-yéad *? *(Ø)-yómos, *(Ø)-yóbʰos
    dative *(Ø)-yóey *? *(Ø)-yómos, *(Ø)-yóbʰos
    locative *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy *? *(Ø)-yóysu
    instrumental *(Ø)-yóh₁ *? *(Ø)-yṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-yéh₂ *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂es
    vocative *(Ø)-yéh₂ *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂es
    accusative *(Ø)-yā́m *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-yéh₂m̥s
    genitive *(Ø)-yéh₂s *? *(Ø)-yéh₂oHom
    ablative *(Ø)-yéh₂s *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mos, *(Ø)-yéh₂bʰos
    dative *(Ø)-yéh₂ey *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mos, *(Ø)-yéh₂bʰos
    locative *(Ø)-yéh₂, *(Ø)-yéh₂i *? *(Ø)-yéh₂su
    instrumental *(Ø)-yéh₂h₁ *? *(Ø)-yéh₂mis, *(Ø)-yéh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
    vocative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
    accusative *(Ø)-yóm *(Ø)-yóy(h₁) *(Ø)-yéh₂
    genitive *(Ø)-yósyo *? *(Ø)-yóHom
    ablative *(Ø)-yéad *? *(Ø)-yómos, *(Ø)-yóbʰos
    dative *(Ø)-yóey *? *(Ø)-yómos, *(Ø)-yóbʰos
    locative *(Ø)-yéy, *(Ø)-yóy *? *(Ø)-yóysu
    instrumental *(Ø)-yóh₁ *? *(Ø)-yṓys

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-yós
    • *e-yós
      • Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos) — Ionic (partially)
          • → Latin: -ēus
      • Proto-Italic: *-eos

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 62-63
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