-य

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-य (-ya)

  1. forms the gerundive
  2. creates adjectives from noun or verb stems

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of -य (-ya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -यः
-yaḥ
-यौ / -या¹
-yau / -yā¹
-याः / -यासः¹
-yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹
Vocative -य
-ya
-यौ / -या¹
-yau / -yā¹
-याः / -यासः¹
-yāḥ / -yāsaḥ¹
Accusative -यम्
-yam
-यौ / -या¹
-yau / -yā¹
-यान्
-yān
Instrumental -येन
-yena
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-यैः / -येभिः¹
-yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹
Dative -याय
-yāya
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-येभ्यः
-yebhyaḥ
Ablative -यात्
-yāt
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-येभ्यः
-yebhyaḥ
Genitive -यस्य
-yasya
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-यानाम्
-yānām
Locative -ये
-ye
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-येषु
-yeṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of -या (-yā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -या
-yā
-ये
-ye
-याः
-yāḥ
Vocative -ये
-ye
-ये
-ye
-याः
-yāḥ
Accusative -याम्
-yām
-ये
-ye
-याः
-yāḥ
Instrumental -यया / -या¹
-yayā / -yā¹
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-याभिः
-yābhiḥ
Dative -यायै
-yāyai
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-याभ्यः
-yābhyaḥ
Ablative -यायाः / -यायै²
-yāyāḥ / -yāyai²
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-याभ्यः
-yābhyaḥ
Genitive -यायाः / -यायै²
-yāyāḥ / -yāyai²
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-यानाम्
-yānām
Locative -यायाम्
-yāyām
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-यासु
-yāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of -य (-ya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -यम्
-yam
-ये
-ye
-यानि / -या¹
-yāni / -yā¹
Vocative -य
-ya
-ये
-ye
-यानि / -या¹
-yāni / -yā¹
Accusative -यम्
-yam
-ये
-ye
-यानि / -या¹
-yāni / -yā¹
Instrumental -येन
-yena
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-यैः / -येभिः¹
-yaiḥ / -yebhiḥ¹
Dative -याय
-yāya
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-येभ्यः
-yebhyaḥ
Ablative -यात्
-yāt
-याभ्याम्
-yābhyām
-येभ्यः
-yebhyaḥ
Genitive -यस्य
-yasya
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-यानाम्
-yānām
Locative -ये
-ye
-ययोः
-yayoḥ
-येषु
-yeṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Related terms

References