ὄρθρος

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰ-ro-, from *h₃erdʰ- (“to rise”). Cognate with ὀρθός (orthós), Latin ortus (“star's rise”), oriens (“sunrise”).^[1]

ὄρθρος • (órthros) m (genitive ὄρθρου); second declension

1. The time immediately before or around sunrise: dawn, early morning twilight

   ὄρθρος βαθύς ― órthros bathús ― dim morning twilight

   • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43a:

     ΣΩ.   τί τηνικάδε ἀφῖξαι, ὦ Κρίτων; ἢ οὐ πρῲ ἔτι ἐστίν;
     ΚΡ.   πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
     ΣΩ.   πηνίκα μάλιστα;
     ΚΡ.   ὄρθρος βαθύς.

     SŌ.   tí tēnikáde aphîxai, ô Krítōn? ḕ ou prṑi éti estín?
     KR.   pánu mèn oûn.
     SŌ.   pēníka málista?
     KR.   órthros bathús.

     Socrates: Why have you come at this time, Crito? Or isn't it still early?
     Crito: Yes, very much so.
     Socrates: About what time?
     Crito: Dim morning twilight.

• “ὄρθρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄρθρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• G3722 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • dawn idem, page 197.
  • dusk idem, page 256.
  • morning idem, page 541.
  • twilight idem, page 903.
• “ὄρθρος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011