ῥύομαι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Proto-Hellenic *hrū-, *hehrū-, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to guard”), *se-sruH-, related to Latin servō?

Or middle voice of an obsolete verb, akin to ῥέω (through the idea of a current); compare ῥύσις?”

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ῥῡ́ομαι • (rhū́omai) (Epic, Ionic, Tragic, Koine, rare in prose)

  1. to protect, guard, preserve
  2. to rescue, save, deliver
  3. to keep something dangerous away
  4. to thwart, curb
  5. to set free, ransom, redeem; to pay for

Usage notes

The form ἐρύω (erúō), under which Liddell and Scott and Cunliffe list the word, is unattested; instead the present stem takes the forms ῥυ- (rhu-) and εἰρυ- (eiru-) with long or short υ (u). Present (LSJ) or perfect (Cunliffe), and imperfect (LSJ) or pluperfect (Cunliffe) forms may be thematic or athematic.

The aorist has six possible stems: with long εἰ (ei), short ἐ (e), or no augment; double σσ (ss) or single σ (s) first aorist tense suffix; and long or short υ (u).

Inflection

   Present: ῥῡ́ομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ῥῡ́ομαι ῥῡ́εαι ῥῡ́εται ῥῡ́εσθον ῥῡ́εσθον ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́εσθε ῥῡ́ονται
subjunctive ῥῡ́ωμαι ῥῡ́ηαι ῥῡ́ηται ῥῡ́ησθον ῥῡ́ησθον ῥῡώμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́ησθε ῥῡ́ωνται
optative ῥῡοίμην ῥῡ́οιο ῥῡ́οιτο ῥῡ́οισθον ῥῡοίσθην ῥῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́οισθε ῥῡοίᾰτο
imperative   ῥῡ́εο ῥῡέσθω ῥῡ́εσθον ῥῡέσθων   ῥῡ́εσθε ῥῡέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ῥῡ́εσθαι,
ῥῦσθαι
participle m ῥῡόμενος
f ῥῡομένη
n ῥῡόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: ῥῠ́ομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ῥῠ́ομαι ῥῠ́εαι ῥῠ́εται ῥῠ́εσθον ῥῠ́εσθον ῥῠόμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῠ́εσθε ῥῠ́ονται
subjunctive ῥῠ́ωμαι ῥῠ́ηαι ῥῠ́ηται ῥῠ́ησθον ῥῠ́ησθον ῥῠώμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῠ́ησθε ῥῠ́ωνται
optative ῥῠοίμην ῥῠ́οιο ῥῠ́οιτο ῥῠ́οισθον ῥῠοίσθην ῥῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῠ́οισθε ῥῠοίᾰτο
imperative   ῥῠ́εο ῥῠέσθω ῥῠ́εσθον ῥῠέσθων   ῥῠ́εσθε ῥῠέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive ῥῠ́εσθαι
participle m ῥῠόμενος
f ῥῠομένη
n ῥῠόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: εἰρῡ́ομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative εἰρῡ́ομαι εἰρῡ́εαι εἰρῡ́εται,
ἔρῡται 		εἰρῡ́εσθον εἰρῡ́εσθον εἰρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῡ́εσθε εἰρῡ́ονται,
εἰρῡ́αται,
εἰρῠ́αται
subjunctive εἰρῡ́ωμαι εἰρῡ́ηαι εἰρῡ́ηται εἰρῡ́ησθον εἰρῡ́ησθον εἰρῡώμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῡ́ησθε εἰρῡ́ωνται
optative εἰρῡοίμην εἰρῡ́οιο εἰρῡ́οιτο εἰρῡ́οισθον εἰρῡοίσθην εἰρῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῡ́οισθε εἰρῡοίᾰτο
imperative   εἰρῡ́εο εἰρῡέσθω εἰρῡ́εσθον εἰρῡέσθων   εἰρῡ́εσθε εἰρῡέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive εἴρυσθαι,
ἔρυσθαι,
ἐρύεσθαι
participle m εἰρῡόμενος
f εἰρῡομένη
n εἰρῡόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ῥῡόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ῥῡόμην ῥῡ́ου ῥῡ́ετο ῥῡ́εσθον ῥῡέσθην ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́εσθε ῥῡ́οντο,
ῥῡ́ατο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐρῡόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐρῡόμην ἐρῡ́ου,
ἔρῡσο 		ἐρῡ́ετο,
ἔρῡτο 		ἐρῡ́εσθον ἐρῡέσθην ἐρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῡ́εσθε ἐρῡ́οντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: εἰρῡόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative εἰρῡόμην εἰρῡ́ου,
εἴρῡσο 		εἰρῡ́ετο,
εἴρῡτο 		εἰρῡ́εσθον εἰρῡέσθην εἰρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῡ́εσθε εἰρῡ́οντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: εἰρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative εἰρῠ́σσομαι εἰρῠ́σσεαι εἰρῠ́σσεται εἰρῠ́σσεσθον εἰρῠ́σσεσθον εἰρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσεσθε εἰρῠ́σσονται
optative εἰρῠσσοίμην εἰρῠ́σσοιο εἰρῠ́σσοιτο εἰρῠ́σσοισθον εἰρῠσσοίσθην εἰρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσοισθε εἰρῠσσοίᾰτο
middle
infinitive εἰρῠ́σσεσθαι
participle m εἰρῠσσόμενος
f εἰρῠσσομένη
n εἰρῠσσόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐρῠ́σσομαι ἐρῠ́σσεαι ἐρῠ́σσεται ἐρῠ́σσεσθον ἐρῠ́σσεσθον ἐρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσεσθε ἐρῠ́σσονται
optative ἐρῠσσοίμην ἐρῠ́σσοιο ἐρῠ́σσοιτο ἐρῠ́σσοισθον ἐρῠσσοίσθην ἐρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσοισθε ἐρῠσσοίᾰτο
middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σσεσθαι
participle m ἐρῠσσόμενος
f ἐρῠσσομένη
n ἐρῠσσόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥῡ́σομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ῥῡ́σομαι ῥῡ́σεαι ῥῡ́σεται ῥῡ́σεσθον ῥῡ́σεσθον ῥῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́σεσθε ῥῡ́σονται
optative ῥῡσοίμην ῥῡ́σοιο ῥῡ́σοιτο ῥῡ́σοισθον ῥῡσοίσθην ῥῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́σοισθε ῥῡσοίᾰτο
middle
infinitive ῥῡ́σεσθαι
participle m ῥῡσόμενος
f ῥῡσομένη
n ῥῡσόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρυσᾰ́μην (Koine)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐρρυσᾰ́μην ἐρρύσω ἐρρύσᾰτο ἐρρύσᾰσθον ἐρρυσᾰ́σθην ἐρρυσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐρρύσᾰσθε ἐρρύσᾰντο
subjunctive ρύσωμαι ρύσῃ ρύσηται ρύσησθον ρύσησθον ρυσώμεθᾰ ρύσησθε ρύσωνται
optative ρυσαίμην ρύσαιο ρύσαιτο ρύσαισθον ρυσαίσθην ρυσαίμεθᾰ ρύσαισθε ρύσαιντο
imperative   ρῦσαι ρυσᾰ́σθω ρύσᾰσθον ρυσᾰ́σθων   ρύσᾰσθε ρυσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive ρύσᾰσθαι
participle m ρυσᾰ́μενος
f ρυσᾰμένη
n ρυσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐρῠσᾰ́μην ἐρῠ́σᾰο ἐρῠ́σᾰτο ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον ἐρῠσᾰ́σθην ἐρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε ἐρῠ́σᾰντο
subjunctive ἐρῠ́σωμαι ἐρῠ́σηαι ἐρῠ́σηται ἐρῠ́σησθον ἐρῠ́σησθον ἐρῠσώμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σησθε ἐρῠ́σωνται
optative ἐρῠσαίμην ἐρῠ́σαιο ἐρῠ́σαιτο ἐρῠ́σαισθον ἐρῠσαίσθην ἐρῠσαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σαισθε ἐρῠσαίᾰτο
imperative   ἔρῠσαι ἐρῠσᾰ́σθω ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων   ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σᾰσθαι
participle m ἐρῠσᾰ́μενος
f ἐρῠσᾰμένη
n ἐρῠσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εἰρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative εἰρῠσᾰ́μην εἰρῠ́σᾰο εἰρῠ́σᾰτο εἰρῠ́σᾰσθον εἰρῠσᾰ́σθην εἰρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σᾰσθε εἰρῠ́σᾰντο
subjunctive εἰρῠ́σσωμαι εἰρῠ́σσηαι εἰρῠ́σσηται εἰρῠ́σσησθον εἰρῠ́σσησθον εἰρῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσησθε εἰρῠ́σσωνται
optative εἰρῠσσαίμην εἰρῠ́σσαιο εἰρῠ́σσαιτο εἰρῠ́σσαισθον εἰρῠσσαίσθην εἰρῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσαισθε εἰρῠσσαίᾰτο
imperative   εἴρῠσσαι εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθω εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων   εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθαι
participle m εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενος
f εἰρῠσσᾰμένη
n εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εἰρῠσσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative εἰρῠσσᾰ́μην εἰρῠ́σσᾰο εἰρῠ́σσᾰτο εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθην εἰρῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε εἰρῠ́σσᾰντο
subjunctive εἰρῠ́σσωμαι εἰρῠ́σσηαι εἰρῠ́σσηται εἰρῠ́σσησθον εἰρῠ́σσησθον εἰρῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσησθε εἰρῠ́σσωνται
optative εἰρῠσσαίμην εἰρῠ́σσαιο εἰρῠ́σσαιτο εἰρῠ́σσαισθον εἰρῠσσαίσθην εἰρῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσαισθε εἰρῠσσαίᾰτο
imperative   εἴρῠσσαι εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθω εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων   εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθαι
participle m εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενος
f εἰρῠσσᾰμένη
n εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην ἐρρῡ́σᾰο ἐρρῡ́σᾰτο ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθον ἐρρῡσᾰ́σθην ἐρρῡσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθε ἐρρῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive ῥῡ́σωμαι ῥῡ́σηαι ῥῡ́σηται ῥῡ́σησθον ῥῡ́σησθον ῥῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́σησθε ῥῡ́σωνται
optative ῥῡσαίμην ῥῡ́σαιο ῥῡ́σαιτο ῥῡ́σαισθον ῥῡσαίσθην ῥῡσαίμε(σ)θᾰ ῥῡ́σαισθε ῥῡσαίᾰτο
imperative   ῥῦσαι ῥῡσᾰ́σθω ῥῡ́σᾰσθον ῥῡσᾰ́σθων   ῥῡ́σᾰσθε ῥῡσᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive ῥῡ́σᾰσθαι
participle m ῥῡσᾰ́μενος
f ῥῡσᾰμένη
n ῥῡσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

Wikious
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Sagapedia