凹凸

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Chinese

FWOTD – 14 August 2014

		a depression; indentation; concave a depression; indentation; concave; hollow	(adj.) convex; stick out
simp. and trad. (凹凸)		凹	凸
anagram		凸凹

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āotū, āotú

(Zhuyin): ㄠㄊㄨ, ㄠㄊㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nap¹ dat⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹au-deq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āotū
  - Zhuyin: ㄠㄊㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: aotu
  - Wade–Giles: ao¹-tʻu¹
  - Yale: āu-tū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: autu
  - Palladius: аоту (aotu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āotú
  - Zhuyin: ㄠㄊㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: aotú
  - Wade–Giles: ao¹-tʻu²
  - Yale: āu-tú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: autwu
  - Palladius: аоту (aotu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nap¹ dat⁶
  - Yale: nāp daht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nap⁷ dat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: neb¹ ded⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐp̚⁵ tɐt̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹au-deq
  - MiniDict: au^平 deh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹au-deq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɔ⁵⁵ dəʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: 'eap dwot|det

Rime
Character	凹	凸	凸
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	洽 (152)	沒 (56)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I	IV
Fanqie	烏洽切	陀骨切	徒結切
Baxter	'eap	dwot	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛp̚/	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæp̚/	/duot̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨp̚/	/dwət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/ɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/diet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔăp̚/	/dʱuət̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ya	dú	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aap³	deot⁶	dit⁶

Adjective

凹凸

uneven; bumpy; rugged
- 不是我無食力身軀閃這一滑，多管是少人行山路凹凸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  不是我无食力身躯闪这一滑，多管是少人行山路凹凸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 14th century, Poetry by Qin Jianfu
  Bùshì wǒ wú shílì shēnqū shǎn zhè yī huá, duōguǎn shì shǎo rén xíng shānlù āotū.
  The reason I slipped is not because my starving body was feeble; it was due to the roughness of the mountain road since not many people had walked on this.
(optics, mathematics) concavo-convex
論文是有關實解析函數在極值點附近的凹凸性的。 [MSC, trad.]
论文是有关实解析函数在极值点附近的凹凸性的。 [MSC, simp.]
Lùnwén shì yǒuguān shíjiěxīhánshù zài jízhídiǎn fùjìn de āotūxìng de.
The journal article was about concavo-convexity of real analytic functions near extremities.

Derived terms

凹凸不平 (āotūbùpíng)
凹凹凸凸 (āo'āotūtū)
凹凸印
凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
凹凸花
凹凸軋花／凹凸轧花 (āotū yàhuā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (凹凸):

→ Japanese: 凹凸(おうとつ) (ōtotsu)
→ Korean: 요철(凹凸) (yocheol)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凹	凸
おう Grade: S	とつ Grade: S
kan'on

Etymology

/aputotu/ → /aɸutotu/ → */awutot͡su/ → /autot͡su/ → /ɔːtot͡su/ → /oːtot͡su/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 凹凸 (MC 'eap dwot). Appears in texts from at least the 1600s.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おーとつ (Heiban – )^[2]
IPA^(key):

Noun

凹(おう)凸(とつ) • (ōtotsu) ^{←あふとつ (afutotu)^?}

that which has a non-flat surface; uneven, bumpy
路面(ろめん)凹凸(おうとつ)あり
Romen ōtotsu ari
Caution: rough road ahead

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Anagrams

凸凹(でこぼこ) (dekoboko)

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia