堵
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Translingual
Han character
堵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大日 (GJKA), four-corner 44160, composition ⿰土者)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5279
- Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 448, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5835
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
堵 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𡦡 𩫭 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tù
- Eastern Min (BUC): dū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǔ
- Wade–Giles: tu3
- Yale: dǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duu
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou2
- Yale: dóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou2
- Guangdong Romanization: dou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u2
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tù
- Hakka Romanization System: duˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: du2
- Sinological IPA: /tu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*taːʔ/
Definitions
堵
- (obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall
- (literary) wall
- to block up; to stop up
- (Teochew) to encounter
- stifled; suffocated
- (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand.
- Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to block up): 塞 (sāi)
- (to encounter):
Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 遇, 碰, 遭 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 遇, 碰 |
| Malaysia | 遇, 碰 | |
| Singapore | 遇, 碰 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 遇, 撞 |
| Hong Kong | 遇, 撞 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 遇, 撞 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 遇 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 遇, 撞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅 |
| Quanzhou | 拄, 撞, 衝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 拄, 衝 | |
| Tainan | 拄, 撞, 磅 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 拄, 遇 | |
| Chaozhou | 遇, 堵 | |
| Shantou | 遇 | |
| Jieyang | 遇, 堵 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 堵 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 碰 |
- (classifier for walls):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 堵, 面, 道 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 堵, 面, 道 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 堵 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 堵 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 堵 |
| Xi'an | 堵 | |
| Xining | 堵 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 堵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 堵 |
| Guiyang | 堵 | |
| Liuzhou | 堵 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 埲, 幅 |
| Hong Kong | 埲, 幅 | |
| Dongguan | 條 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 皮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 堵, 面 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 堵 |
| Xinzhou | 堵 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 板, 堵 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 堵 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 堵 |
| Quanzhou | 堵 | |
| Zhangzhou | 堵 | |
| Taipei (Wanhua) | 片 | |
| Kaohsiung | 面 | |
| Yilan | 堵 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 面 | |
| Taichung | 片 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 片 | |
| Tainan | 堵, 面 | |
| Taitung | 片 | |
| Hsinchu | 片 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 片 | |
| Jieyang | 爿, 埤, 片 | |
| Puning | 方, 埤 | |
| Haikou | 幅 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 幅 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 堵 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 堵 | |
| Suzhou | 堵 | |
| Danyang | 堵 | |
| Hangzhou | 堵 | |
| Jinhua | 堵 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 堵 |
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhě
- Wade–Giles: chê3
- Yale: jě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jee
- Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ze2
- Yale: jé
- Cantonese Pinyin: dze2
- Guangdong Romanization: zé2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsyaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːʔ/
Definitions
堵
- (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)
References
- “堵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai (extended) |
Shinjitai (extended) |
堵󠄀 堵+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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| 堵󠄂 堵+ 󠄂?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||||
| Kyūjitai | 堵 | 
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Kanji
堵
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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