外王母

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Chinese

outside; in addition; foreign
outside; in addition; foreign; external
 
paternal grandmother; Queen Mother of the West
trad. (外王母) 王母
simp. #(外王母) 王母

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1
Initial () (31) (35) (4)
Final () (26) (106) (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open
Division () I III I
Fanqie
Baxter ngwajH hjwang muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋuɑiH/ /ɦʉɐŋ/ /məuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷɑiH/ /ɦʷiɐŋ/ /məuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋuɑiH/ /ɣiuɑŋ/ /məuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋwajH/ /ɦuaŋ/ /məwX/
Li
Rong
/ŋuɑiH/ /ɣiuaŋ/ /muX/
Wang
Li
/ŋuɑiH/ /ɣĭwaŋ/ /məuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋuɑiH/ /iwaŋ/ /mə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wèi wáng mǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngoi6 wong4 mau5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wài wáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngwajH › ‹ hjwang › ‹ muwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʷˁa-s/ /*ɢʷaŋ/ /*məʔ/ (? or *mˁoʔ)
English outside king mother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2 1/1
No. 12606 12742 9288
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋʷaːds/ /*ɢʷaŋ/ /*mɯʔ/

Noun

外王母

  1. maternal grandmother

Synonyms