| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 強 |
| し Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
⟨sipu⟩ → /ɕiɸu/ → /ɕifu/ → */ɕiwu/ → /ɕiu/
From Old Japanese.
強ふ • (shiu) ←しふ (sifu)?transitive †nidan
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 強ひ | しひ | sifi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 強ひ | しひ | sifi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 強ふ | しふ | sifu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 強ふる | しふる | sifuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 強ふれ | しふれ | sifure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 強ひよ | しひよ | sifiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 強ひず | しひず | sifizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 強ふれど | しふれど | sifuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 強ふれば | しふれば | sifureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 強ひば | しひば | sifiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 強ひき | しひき | sifiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 強ひけり | しひけり | sifikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 強ひつ | しひつ | sifitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 強ひぬ | しひぬ | sifinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 強ひたり | しひたり | sifitari |
| Volitional | 強ひむ | しひむ | sifimu |
From a stem sip- possibly cognate with verb 癈ふ (sipu, “to lose function (said of body organs)”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
強ふ (sipu) (kana しふ)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 強ひ | しひ | sifi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 強ひ | しひ | sifi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 強ふ | しふ | sifu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 強ふる | しふる | sifuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 強ふれ | しふれ | sifure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 強ひよ | しひよ | sifiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 強ひず | しひず | sifizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 強ふれど | しふれど | sifuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 強ふれば | しふれば | sifureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 強ひば | しひば | sifiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 強ひき | しひき | sifiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 強ひけり | しひけり | sifikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 強ひつ | しひつ | sifitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 強ひぬ | しひぬ | sifinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 強ひたり | しひたり | sifitari |
| Volitional | 強ひむ | しひむ | sifimu |