怕
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Translingual
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Han character
怕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹日 (PHA), four-corner 96000, composition ⿰忄白)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10448
- Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2287, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6015
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
怕 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
Etymology 1
Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pa4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): па (pa, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): pa3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): pa3
- Northern Min (KCR): pa̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): pá
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5pho
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pa4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pà
- Wade–Giles: pʻa4
- Yale: pà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pah
- Palladius: па (pa)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pa4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pa
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: па (pa, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: paa3
- Yale: pa
- Cantonese Pinyin: paa3
- Guangdong Romanization: pa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha
- Hakka Romanization System: pa
- Hagfa Pinyim: pa4
- Sinological IPA: /pʰa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: pa3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰa⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pa̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pá
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: pa4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa̠⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: phaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡs/
Definitions
怕
- to fear; to be afraid of; to dread
- to worry; to be concerned
- to be unable to withstand
- perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that
- (Northern Wu) ugly
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to fear):
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”)
- (to worry):
- 急 (jí)
- 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 愁 (chóu)
- 憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)
- 憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
- 懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
- 掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
- 掛礙／挂碍 (guà'ài)
- 揪心 (jiūxīn)
- 擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
- 擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
- 燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
- 犯愁 (fànchóu)
- 疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
- 發急／发急 (fājí)
- 發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
- 發極／发极 (7faq 8jiq) (Wu)
- 著急／着急 (zháojí)
- 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
- 顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)
- (ugly):
Dialectal synonyms of 醜 (“ugly”)
Compounds
- 不怕 (bùpà)
- 不怕臊
- 受怕擔憂／受怕担忧
- 只怕 (zhǐpà)
- 可怕 (kěpà)
- 哪怕 (nǎpà)
- 嚇怕／吓怕
- 害怕 (hàipà)
- 後怕／后怕 (hòupà)
- 心驚膽怕／心惊胆怕
- 怕三怕四
- 怕不 (pàbù)
- 怕不大
- 怕不待
- 怕不是
- 怕不道
- 怕事 (pàshì)
- 怕人 (pàrén)
- 怕人子
- 怕人設設／怕人设设
- 怕勢勢／怕势势
- 怕怕 (pàpà)
- 怕怖
- 怕懼／怕惧 (pàjù)
- 怕敢
- 怕是 (pàshì)
- 怕死貪生／怕死贪生
- 怕生 (pàshēng)
- 怕硬欺軟／怕硬欺软
- 怕羞 (pàxiū)
- 怕臊 (pàsào)
- 怕道
- 怕長怕短／怕长怕短
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 懼怕／惧怕 (jùpà)
- 拈輕怕重／拈轻怕重 (niānqīngpàzhòng)
- 擔驚受怕／担惊受怕 (dānjīngshòupà)
- 敢怕
- 欺善怕惡／欺善怕恶 (qīshànpà'è)
- 欺軟怕硬／欺软怕硬 (qīruǎnpàyìng)
- 深怕 (shēnpà)
- 生怕 (shēngpà)
- 耽驚受怕／耽惊受怕
- 貪生怕死／贪生怕死 (tānshēngpàsǐ)
- 那怕 (nǎpà)
- 駭怕／骇怕 (hàipà)
- 驚怕／惊怕
- 鬼怕惡人／鬼怕恶人
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bó
- Wade–Giles: po2
- Yale: bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- Palladius: бо (bo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: phaek
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡ/
Definitions
怕
- (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”)
Japanese
Kanji
怕
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa))
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怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek))
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Vietnamese
Han character
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