懦

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懦 U+61E6, 懦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61E6
← 懥
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 懧 →

Translingual

Han character

懦 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 心一月月 (PMBB), four-corner 91027, composition ⿰忄需)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 407, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 748, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2364, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+61E6

Chinese

trad. 懦
simp. # 懦
alternative forms 㐡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 懦
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (需) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羺 *noː
獳 *noː
擩 *noːs, *njoʔ, *njos, *njul, *njod
譳 *noːs
懦 *noːls, *njo
糯 *noːls
需 *sno
繻 *sno, *njo
鑐 *sno
儒 *njo
濡 *njo, *noːn
襦 *njo
嚅 *njo
顬 *njo
鱬 *njo
嬬 *njo
臑 *njo
醹 *njo, *njoʔ
蠕 *njo
孺 *njos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːls, *njo) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 懦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 人朱切
Baxter nyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ȵio/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 懦 懦
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13964 13974
Phonetic
component 		需 需
Rime
group 		歌 侯
Rime
subdivision 		3 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		儒
Old
Chinese 		/*noːls/ /*njo/

Definitions

懦

  1. ⁜ cowardly; weak
    Synonym: 懦弱 (nuòruò)
  2. † soft

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

懦

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

  • Go-on: な (na)、にゅう (nyū)
  • Kan-on: じゅ (ju)、だ (da)
  • Kun: よわい (yowai, 懦い)

Korean

Hanja

懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

懦: Hán Nôm readings: nhụa

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