欠如

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
欠 如
けつ
Grade: 4 		じょ
Grade: S
kan’yōon kan’on
Alternative spelling
缺如 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

欠(けつ)如(じょ) • (ketsujo) 

  1. a deficiency

Verb

欠(けつ)如(じょ)する • (ketsujo suru) intransitive suru (stem 欠(けつ)如(じょ)し (ketsujo shi), past 欠(けつ)如(じょ)した (ketsujo shita))

  1. to be insufficient, to be missing

Conjugation

Conjugation of "欠如する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 欠如し けつじょし ketsujo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 欠如し けつじょし ketsujo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 欠如する けつじょする ketsujo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 欠如する けつじょする ketsujo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 欠如すれ けつじょすれ ketsujo sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 欠如せよ¹
欠如しろ² 		けつじょせよ¹
けつじょしろ² 		ketsujo seyo¹
ketsujo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 欠如される けつじょされる ketsujo sareru
Causative 欠如させる
欠如さす 		けつじょさせる
けつじょさす 		ketsujo saseru
ketsujo sasu
Potential 欠如できる けつじょできる ketsujo dekiru
Volitional 欠如しよう けつじょしよう ketsujo shiyō
Negative 欠如しない けつじょしない ketsujo shinai
Negative continuative 欠如せず けつじょせず ketsujo sezu
Formal 欠如します けつじょします ketsujo shimasu
Perfective 欠如した けつじょした ketsujo shita
Conjunctive 欠如して けつじょして ketsujo shite
Hypothetical conditional 欠如すれば けつじょすれば ketsujo sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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