渡海

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Chinese

		to cross; to pass through; to ferry	ocean; sea
simp. and trad. (渡海)		渡	海

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dùhǎi

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ ㄏㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶ hoi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu-hói
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tō͘-hái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dùhǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ ㄏㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dùhǎi
  - Wade–Giles: tu⁴-hai³
  - Yale: dù-hǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duhhae
  - Palladius: духай (duxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dou⁶ hoi²
  - Yale: douh hói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ hoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²² hɔːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu-hói
  - Hakka Romanization System: tu hoi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tu⁴ hoi³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵ hoi̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘-hái
  - Tâi-lô: tōo-hái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxhae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tɔ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/

Verb

渡海

to cross the sea

Japanese

Kanji in this term
渡	海
と Grade: S	かい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
渡海 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とかい (Heiban – ) (noun, verb)
(Tokyo) とかい (Atamadaka – ) (proper noun)
IPA^(key):

Noun

渡(と)海(かい) • (tokai)

crossing the sea
Synonyms: 渡洋 (toyō), 渡航 (tokō), 航海 (kōkai)
- 1961, 柳田国男, 海上の道‎, 青空文庫:
  
  アユは後世(こうせい)のアイノカゼも同様(どうよう)に、海岸(かいがん)に向(む)かってまともに吹(ふ)いてくる風(かぜ)、すなわち数々(かずかず)の渡海(とかい)の船(ふね)を安(やす)らかに港入(みなとい)りさせ、またはくさぐさの珍(めず)らかなる物(もの)を、渚(なぎさ)に向(む)かって吹(ふ)き寄(よ)せる風(かぜ)のことであった。
  Ayu wa kōsei no ainokaze mo dōyō ni, kaigan ni mukatte matomo ni fuite kuru kaze, sunawachi kazukazu no tokai no fune o yasuraka ni minatoiri sase, mata wa kusagusa no mezuraka naru mono o, nagisa ni mukatte fukiyoseru kaze no koto de atta.
  Ayu, like ainokaze in later ages, referred to the wind that blew directly toward the shore, that is, the wind which let many ships crossing the sea to reach port peacefully and which blew a variety of rare objects toward the beach.
Short for 渡海船 (tokaibune).

Verb

渡(と)海(かい)する • (tokai suru) intransitive suru (stem 渡(と)海(かい)し (tokai shi), past 渡(と)海(かい)した (tokai shita))

to cross the sea
Synonyms: 渡洋する (toyō suru), 渡航する (tokō suru), 航海する (kōkai suru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "渡海する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	渡海し	とかいし	tokai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	渡海し	とかいし	tokai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	渡海する	とかいする	tokai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	渡海する	とかいする	tokai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	渡海すれ	とかいすれ	tokai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	渡海せよ¹ 渡海しろ²	とかいせよ¹ とかいしろ²	tokai seyo¹ tokai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	渡海される	とかいされる	tokai sareru
Causative	渡海させる渡海さす	とかいさせるとかいさす	tokai saseru tokai sasu
Potential	渡海できる	とかいできる	tokai dekiru
Volitional	渡海しよう	とかいしよう	tokai shiyō
Negative	渡海しない	とかいしない	tokai shinai
Negative continuative	渡海せず	とかいせず	tokai sezu
Formal	渡海します	とかいします	tokai shimasu
Perfective	渡海した	とかいした	tokai shita
Conjunctive	渡海して	とかいして	tokai shite
Hypothetical conditional	渡海すれば	とかいすれば	tokai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Proper noun

渡(と)海(かい) • (Tokai)

a surname

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