素敵

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
素 敵
す
Grade: 5 		てき
Grade: 6
(ateji)
goon kan'on
Alternative spellings
素的
素適
ステキ

Etymology

Originally a compound of 素 (su, abbreviation of 素晴らしい (subarashii, “wonderful, superb”)) +‎ 的 (-teki, “-ish, -like”, adjectivizing suffix).[1][2][3][4]

First appears in the late Edo period, in the early 1800s.[1]

The use of 敵 (teki, “enemy”) instead of 的 (teki, “-ish, -like”) is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).[1][2][3][5]

Pronunciation

Adjective

素(す)敵(てき) or 素敵(ステキ) • (suteki) -na (adnominal 素(す)敵(てき)な (suteki na), adverbial 素(す)敵(てき)に (suteki ni))

  1. lovely
    素敵(すてき)だね
    suteki da ne
    Isn't it wonderful?
  2. wonderful, splendid

Usage notes

  • This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ステキ.
  • Generally regarded as an informal word to be used in speech, and not in formal writing.[4]

Inflection

Inflection of 素敵
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 素敵だろ すてきだろ suteki daro
Continuative (連用形) 素敵で すてきで suteki de
Terminal (終止形) 素敵だ すてきだ suteki da
Attributive (連体形) 素敵な すてきな suteki na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 素敵なら すてきなら suteki nara
Imperative (命令形) 素敵であれ すてきであれ suteki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 素敵ではない
素敵じゃない 		すてきではない
すてきじゃない 		suteki de wa nai
suteki ja nai
Informal past 素敵だった すてきだった suteki datta
Informal negative past 素敵ではなかった
素敵じゃなかった 		すてきではなかった
すてきじゃなかった 		suteki de wa nakatta
suteki ja nakatta
Formal 素敵です すてきです suteki desu
Formal negative 素敵ではありません
素敵じゃありません 		すてきではありません
すてきじゃありません 		suteki de wa arimasen
suteki ja arimasen
Formal past 素敵でした すてきでした suteki deshita
Formal negative past 素敵ではありませんでした
素敵じゃありませんでした 		すてきではありませんでした
すてきじゃありませんでした 		suteki de wa arimasen deshita
suteki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 素敵で すてきで suteki de
Conditional 素敵なら（ば） すてきなら（ば） suteki nara (ba)
Provisional 素敵だったら すてきだったら suteki dattara
Volitional 素敵だろう すてきだろう suteki darō
Adverbial 素敵に すてきに suteki ni
Degree 素敵さ すてきさ sutekisa

Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “素敵・素的”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “素敵”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
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