給

Translingual

Han character

給 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火人一口 (VFOMR), four-corner 2896₁, composition ⿰糹合)

Derived characters

• 𠎨, 𢵰

Related characters

• 给 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 923, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27432
• Dae Jaweon: page 1357, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3394, character 11
• Unihan data for U+7D66

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 給
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krub) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qǝ̆p (“to give; to supply”), comparing it to Burmese အပ် (ap, “to commit; to deliver; to hand over”), Jingpho ap (“to hand over”), Lepcha ᰀᰤᰬᰱ (kjep, “to add to; to multiply”), ᰃᰤᰱ (gjap, “many”).

In Mandarin, Jin and Xiang, pronunciations 1 and 2 are generally thought of as colloquial and literary readings respectively, from the same Middle Chinese etymon (Zhengzhang, 2002; Liu, 2021; among others). Pronunciation 2, the literary reading, is a regular reflex from Middle Chinese. However, since pronunciation 1 is highly irregular, others have proposed alternative etymologies for it:

• From the contraction of 過與 (MC kwaH yoX, “to pass to”) (Ikeda, 1962; Hirayama, 2000, 2010; Wang, 2022);
• From 乞 (MC khj+t|khj+jH, “to give”) (Zhang, 1989); and
• From 饋 (MC gwijH, “to gift”) (Shimura, 1995).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

給

1. to give

   給你一個吻／给你一个吻  ―  gěi nǐ yīge wěn  ―  give you a kiss

2. for; for the benefit of

   我給你按摩吧。／我给你按摩吧。  ―  Wǒ gěi nǐ ànmó ba.  ―  Let me do a massage for you.

3. to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)

   這裡有我一直想說給你聽的話。 [MSC, trad.]
   这里有我一直想说给你听的话。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhèlǐ yǒu wǒ yīzhí xiǎng shuō gěi nǐ tīng de huà.

   Here are the words I've always wanted to say to you.

4. to (introduce recipient of an action)

   給他道歉！／给他道歉！  ―  Gěi tā dàoqiàn!  ―  Apologise to him!

5. by (marker of passive voice)

   我們都給人騙了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们都给人骗了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen dōu gěi rén piàn le.

   We all got fooled.

6. Used in the form of 給我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.

   你給我閉嘴！／你给我闭嘴！  ―  Nǐ gěi wǒ bìzuǐ!  ―  Shut the heck up!

7. Used before a verb for emphasis of affectedness.

   行李讓雨給淋濕了。 [MSC, trad.]
   行李让雨给淋湿了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi lìnshī le.

   The luggage was soaked by rain.

   我把椅子給移開了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我把椅子给移开了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bǎ yǐzi gěi yíkāi le.

   I moved the chair away.

8. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) and

Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

給

1. to supply; to provide

   給予／给予  ―  jǐyǔ  ―  to provide; to give

2. to grant; to bestow
3. salary; pay
4. abundant; plenty
5. nimble; quick
6. a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

給

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 予 (“hō͘”)

   • 你給阮甜蜜的青春 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     你给阮甜蜜的青春 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2007, 陳雷 and 謝婷婷, 情深愛也深

     lí hō͘ gún tiⁿ-bi̍t ê chheng-chhun [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     You gave me a sweet youth

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きふ (kifu, historical)}
• On: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
• Kun: たまう (tamau, 給う)^{←たまふ (tamafu, 給ふ, historical)}; たまえ (tamae, 給え)^{←たまへ (tamafe, 給へ, historical)}; たもう (tamou, 給う)^{←たまふ (tamafu, 給ふ, historical)}
• Nanori: きい (kī)

Compounds

• 給料(きゅうりょう) (kyūryō): salary
• 供給(きょうきゅう) (kyōkyū): supply, provision

Korean

Hanja

給 (eumhun 넉넉할 급 (neongneokhal geup))

1. Hanja form^? of 급 (“give”).
2. Hanja form^? of 급 (“by, for”).

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

給: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, góp, cắp, cóp, cướp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation