particle indicating the successful result of a verb; to touch; to come in contact with particle indicating the successful result of a verb; to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to fall asleep; to burn; particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like ‑ing ending; to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding; to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply; catch; receive; suffer |
grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (著磨/着磨) | 著/着 | 磨 | |
| simp. (着磨) | 着 | 磨 | |
著磨
著磨
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 辛苦, 累人, 吃重, 吃力 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 辛苦 |
| Taiwan | 辛苦 | |
| Malaysia | 辛苦 | |
| Singapore | 辛苦 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 辛苦 |
| Hong Kong | 辛苦 | |
| Taishan | 辛苦 | |
| Dongguan | 辛苦 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 辛苦 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 辛苦 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 辛苦 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 辛苦 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 辛苦 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 辛苦 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 辛苦 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 辛苦 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 辛苦 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 辛苦 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 艱苦 |
| Quanzhou | 艱苦 | |
| Zhangzhou | 艱苦 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Shantou | 艱苦 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 艱苦 | |
| Jieyang | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 艱苦 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 艱苦 | |
| Wenchang | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 艱苦 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 辛苦 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 辛苦, 衰瘏, 吃力 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 辛 | |
| Suzhou | 辛苦 | |
| Danyang | 吃力 | |
| Hangzhou | 吃力 | |
| Ningbo | 𢜭力, 吃力 | |
| Jinhua | 著力, 吃力 | |