越冬
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Chinese
to exceed; to climb over; to surpass to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more |
winter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (越冬) |
越 | 冬 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ ㄉㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yuèdong
- Wade–Giles: yüeh4-tung1
- Yale: ywè-dūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuehdong
- Palladius: юэдун (juedun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
粵東／粤东
越冬
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyut6 dung1
- Yale: yuht dūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyt9 dung1
- Guangdong Romanization: yud6 dung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːt̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
粵東／粤东
越冬
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Verb
越冬
Derived terms
- 越冬作物 (yuèdōng zuòwù)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 越 | 冬 |
| えつ > えっ Grade: S |
とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
Verb
越冬する • (ettō suru) ←ゑつとう (wetutou)?suru (stem 越冬し (ettō shi), past 越冬した (ettō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "越冬する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 越冬し | えっとうし | ettō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 越冬し | えっとうし | ettō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 越冬する | えっとうする | ettō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 越冬する | えっとうする | ettō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 越冬すれ | えっとうすれ | ettō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 越冬せよ¹ 越冬しろ² |
えっとうせよ¹ えっとうしろ² |
ettō seyo¹ ettō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 越冬される | えっとうされる | ettō sareru | |
| Causative | 越冬させる 越冬さす |
えっとうさせる えっとうさす |
ettō saseru ettō sasu | |
| Potential | 越冬できる | えっとうできる | ettō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 越冬しよう | えっとうしよう | ettō shiyō | |
| Negative | 越冬しない | えっとうしない | ettō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 越冬せず | えっとうせず | ettō sezu | |
| Formal | 越冬します | えっとうします | ettō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 越冬した | えっとうした | ettō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 越冬して | えっとうして | ettō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 越冬すれば | えっとうすれば | ettō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||