領

Translingual

Han character

領 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+5, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人戈一月金 (OIMBC), four-corner 8138₆, composition ⿰令頁)

Derived characters

• 嶺, 䕘, 𥵝, 𡽹, 𦆺, 𢋞, 𰈼

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1402, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43423
• Dae Jaweon: page 1919, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4365, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9818

• Unihan data for U+F9B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 領
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reŋʔ) : phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 頁.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) (STEDT, Schuessler 2007). Cognate with Tibetan མཇིང་པ (mjing pa, “neck”), Mizo ring (“neck”), Burmese လည် (lany, “neck”). Semantics: "neck, collar" > ("to take by the neck" > ) "to lead, to guide" (Schuessler 2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

領

1. ^† neck

   • 如有不嗜殺人者，則天下之民皆引領而望之矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     如有不嗜杀人者，则天下之民皆引领而望之矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Rú yǒu bù shì shārén zhě, zé tiānxià zhī mín jiē yǐnlǐng ér wàng zhī yǐ.

     If there were one who did not find pleasure in killing men, all the people in the nation would look towards him with outstretched necks.

2. collar (Classifier: 條／条 c)

   • 若挈裘領，詘五指而頓之，順者不可勝數也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若挈裘领，诎五指而顿之，顺者不可胜数也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Ruò qiè qiú lǐng, qū wǔzhǐ ér dùn zhī, shùn zhě bùkě shèng shuò yě.

     It will be like the action of turning up your fur collar by simply curling your five fingers and pulling on it—it goes smoothly numberless times.

3. main point

   要領／要领  ―  yàolǐng  ―  gist

4. to lead; to guide

   領導／领导  ―  lǐngdǎo  ―  to guide

   • 凝是精粗之體，領父子君臣之節。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凝是精粗之体，领父子君臣之节。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Níng shì jīngcū zhī tǐ, lǐng fùzǐ jūnchén zhī jié.

     They give a sort of substantial embodiment of what is most subtle as well as material, and regulate the duties between father and son, ruler and subject.

   • 他使我躺臥在青草地上，領我在可安歇的水邊。 [MSC, trad.]
     他使我躺卧在青草地上，领我在可安歇的水边。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 詩篇 (Psalm) 23:2

     Tā shǐ wǒ tǎngwò zài qīngcǎo dìshang, lǐng wǒ zài kě ānxiē de shuǐ biān.

     He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.

5. to get; to receive

   領獎／领奖  ―  lǐngjiǎng  ―  to get a prize

6. to understand

   領會／领会  ―  lǐnghuì  ―  to grasp

7. Classifier for items such as clothes, mats and screens.

   一領衫／一领衫 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t niá saⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a shirt

   • 刑餘罪人之喪，不得合族黨，獨屬妻子，棺槨三寸，衣衾三領，不得飾棺，不得晝行，以昏殣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     刑余罪人之丧，不得合族党，独属妻子，棺椁三寸，衣衾三领，不得饰棺，不得昼行，以昏殣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Xíngyú zuìrén zhī sàng, bùdé hé zúdǎng, dú shǔ qīzǐ, guānguǒ sān cùn, yīqīn sān lǐng, bùdé shì guān, bùdé zhòuxíng, yǐ hūn jìn.

     For the funeral of an executed convict, one is not allowed to assemble his family and friends, but rather summons only his wife and children. The coffin's thickness may be only three inches. There may be only three layers of burial clothing and coverings. One is not allowed to decorate the coffin. One is not allowed to have the funeral procession during the day, but must rather perform the interment at night.

8. a surname

Synonyms

Descendants

Others:

• → Indonesian: nia (“collar”)
• → Old Turkic: ling
  • Turkmen: lüň (mark for border)

Compounds

References

• “Entry #10950”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. jurisdiction
2. dominion
3. territory
4. fief
5. reign

Readings

• Go-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
• Kan-on: れい (rei)
• Kun: うなじ (unaji, 領); えり (eri, 領); おさめる (osameru, 領める)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 領 (MC ljengX).

Noun

領(りょう) • (ryō) 

1. territory of a country

Suffix

領(りょう) • (-ryō) 

1. of a territory, belonging to a country

   フランス領(りょう)ポリネシア

   Furansu-ryō Porineshia

   French Polynesia

Korean

Hanja

領 (eumhun 거느릴 령 (geoneuril ryeong), South Korea 거느릴 영 (geoneuril yeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 령/영 (“leading; dominion; jurisdiction”).

Compounds

• 영사 (領事, yeongsa, “consul”)

Vietnamese

Han character

領: Hán Nôm readings: lĩnh, lãnh, lảnh, lỉnh, lểnh, lễnh, lính

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.