首爾
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Chinese
head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems |
phonetic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (首爾) | 首 | 爾 | |
| simp. (首尔) | 首 | 尔 | |
Etymology
Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). The first character 首 (shǒu, “first”) is a phono-semantic matching from Korean. Compare 首都 (shǒudū, “capital”)[1]
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sau2 ji5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): Siū-ī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5seu-er
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ ㄦˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Shǒu-ěr
- Wade–Giles: Shou3-êrh3
- Yale: Shǒu-ěr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shooueel
- Palladius: Шоуэр (Šouer)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sau2 ji5
- Yale: sáu yíh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2 ji5
- Guangdong Romanization: seo2 yi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵ jiː¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sú-ngí
- Hakka Romanization System: suˋ ngiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3 ngi3
- Sinological IPA: /su³¹ ŋi³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Siū-ī
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieu³³⁻³⁵ i³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siú-ní
- Tâi-lô: Siú-ní
- Phofsit Daibuun: siwnie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siú-jíⁿ
- Tâi-lô: Siú-jínn
- Phofsit Daibuun: siwjvie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siu2 re2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú jṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /siu⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Wu
Proper noun
首爾
- (～市) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)
Usage notes
- 漢城／汉城 (Hànchéng) was the name used for the city until 2005, when the city government changed its official Chinese name to 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr). 漢城／汉城 (Hànchéng) remains to be used in unofficial settings.
- The use of the original name 漢城／汉城 (Hànchéng) is dispreferred in both Koreas. The name 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr) was specifically designed for transliterating the Korean name 서울 (Seoul) into modern Standard Chinese and is not a Korean hanja (Sino-Korean) representation of the city name, which doesn't have a hanja form.
Synonyms
References
- ^ 李源 (2014 April 27) ““汉城”是如何改名为“首尔””, in 成都商报, archived from the original on 31 March 2019