驚愕

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See also: 惊愕

Chinese

to startle; to be frightened; to be scared
to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm
 
 startled
trad. (驚愕) 驚 愕
simp. (惊愕) 惊 愕

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 驚 愕
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 庚 (111) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 舉卿切 五各切
Baxter kjaeng ngak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiæŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚiaŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiaŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiajŋ/ /ŋak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ɐŋ/ /ŋɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng è
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging1 ngok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 驚 愕
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīng è
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjæng › ‹ ngak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ/ /*N-qʰˁak/
English be afraid scared

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 驚 愕
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6877 9466
Phonetic
component 		敬 屰
Rime
group 		耕 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		驚 咢
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ/ /*ŋaːɡ/

Verb

驚愕

  1. to be stunned; to be astonished; to be stupefied

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (驚愕):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
驚 愕
きょう
Grade: S 		がく
Hyōgai
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
驚がく

Noun

驚(きょう)愕(がく) • (kyōgaku) 

  1. astonishment

Verb

驚(きょう)愕(がく)する • (kyōgaku suru) suru (stem 驚(きょう)愕(がく)し (kyōgaku shi), past 驚(きょう)愕(がく)した (kyōgaku shita))

  1. to be stunned, to be flabbergasted

Conjugation

Conjugation of "驚愕する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 驚愕し きょうがくし kyōgaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 驚愕し きょうがくし kyōgaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 驚愕する きょうがくする kyōgaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 驚愕する きょうがくする kyōgaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 驚愕すれ きょうがくすれ kyōgaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 驚愕せよ¹
驚愕しろ² 		きょうがくせよ¹
きょうがくしろ² 		kyōgaku seyo¹
kyōgaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 驚愕される きょうがくされる kyōgaku sareru
Causative 驚愕させる
驚愕さす 		きょうがくさせる
きょうがくさす 		kyōgaku saseru
kyōgaku sasu
Potential 驚愕できる きょうがくできる kyōgaku dekiru
Volitional 驚愕しよう きょうがくしよう kyōgaku shiyō
Negative 驚愕しない きょうがくしない kyōgaku shinai
Negative continuative 驚愕せず きょうがくせず kyōgaku sezu
Formal 驚愕します きょうがくします kyōgaku shimasu
Perfective 驚愕した きょうがくした kyōgaku shita
Conjunctive 驚愕して きょうがくして kyōgaku shite
Hypothetical conditional 驚愕すれば きょうがくすれば kyōgaku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
驚愕

Noun

驚愕 • (gyeong'ak) (hangeul 경악)

  1. hanja form? of 경악 (“astonishment”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
驚愕

Verb

驚愕

  1. chữ Hán form of kinh ngạc (“to be astonished; to be surprised”).
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