First attested in the Sinjeonjachwi yeomchobang eonhae (新傳煮取焰硝方諺解 / 신전자취염초방언해), 1635, as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞ라앉다 (Yale: kolaancta). From the now-lost root *kol- ("to flow"), whence also the obsolete words 가람 (garam, “river”) and 걸 (geol, “ditch”), and the verb 앉다 (anda, “to sit”).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | garaanda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | galaanjda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | karaanta |
| Yale Romanization? | kalaancta |
가라앉다 • (garaanda) (infinitive 가라앉아, sequential 가라앉으니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가라앉는다 garaanneunda |
가라앉아 garaanja |
가라앉아요 garaanjayo |
가라앉습니다 garaanseumnida |
| Past | 가라앉았다 garaanjatda |
가라앉았어 garaanjasseo |
가라앉았어요 garaanjasseoyo |
가라앉았습니다 garaanjatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가라앉느냐 garaanneunya |
가라앉아 garaanja |
가라앉아요 garaanjayo |
가라앉습니까 garaanseumnikka |
| Past | 가라앉았느냐 garaanjanneunya |
가라앉았어 garaanjasseo |
가라앉았어요 garaanjasseoyo |
가라앉았습니까 garaanjatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 가라앉자 garaanja |
가라앉아 garaanja |
가라앉아요 garaanjayo |
가라앉으십시다 garaanjeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 가라앉아라 garaanjara |
가라앉아 garaanja |
가라앉아요 garaanjayo |
가라앉읍시오 garaanjeupsio | |
| Assertive | 가라앉겠다 garaan'getda |
가라앉겠어 garaan'gesseo |
가라앉겠어요 garaan'gesseoyo |
가라앉겠습니다 garaan'getseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가라앉아 garaanja |
가라앉아서 garaanjaseo |
가라앉으니 garaanjeuni |
가라앉으니까 garaanjeunikka | |
| Contrast | 가라앉지만 garaanjiman |
가라앉는데 garaanneunde |
가라앉더니 garaandeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 가라앉고 garaan'go |
||||
| Condition | 가라앉으면 garaanjeumyeon |
가라앉아야 garaanjaya |
|||
| Motive | 가라앉으려고 garaanjeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가라앉음 garaanjeum |
가라앉기 garaan'gi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가라앉았음 garaanjasseum |
가라앉았기 garaanjatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 가라앉은 garaanjeun | |||
| Present | 가라앉는 garaanneun | ||||
| Future | 가라앉을 garaanjeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 가라앉으신다 garaanjeusinda |
가라앉으셔 garaanjeusyeo |
가라앉으세요, 가라앉으셔요 garaanjeuseyo, garaanjeusyeoyo |
가라앉으십니다 garaanjeusimnida |
| Past | 가라앉으셨다 garaanjeusyeotda |
가라앉으셨어 garaanjeusyeosseo |
가라앉으셨어요 garaanjeusyeosseoyo |
가라앉으셨습니다 garaanjeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 가라앉으시느냐 garaanjeusineunya |
가라앉으셔 garaanjeusyeo |
가라앉으세요, 가라앉으셔요 garaanjeuseyo, garaanjeusyeoyo |
가라앉으십니까 garaanjeusimnikka |
| Past | 가라앉으셨느냐 garaanjeusyeonneunya |
가라앉으셨어 garaanjeusyeosseo |
가라앉으셨어요 garaanjeusyeosseoyo |
가라앉으셨습니까 garaanjeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 가라앉으시라 garaanjeusira |
가라앉으셔 garaanjeusyeo |
가라앉으세요 garaanjeuseyo |
가라앉으십시오 garaanjeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 가라앉으시겠다 garaanjeusigetda |
가라앉으시겠어 garaanjeusigesseo |
가라앉으시겠어요 garaanjeusigesseoyo |
가라앉으시겠습니다 garaanjeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 가라앉으셔 garaanjeusyeo |
가라앉으셔서 garaanjeusyeoseo |
가라앉으시니 garaanjeusini |
가라앉으시니까 garaanjeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 가라앉으시지만 garaanjeusijiman |
가라앉으시는데 garaanjeusineunde |
가라앉으시더니 garaanjeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 가라앉으시고 garaanjeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 가라앉으시면 garaanjeusimyeon |
가라앉으셔야 garaanjeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 가라앉으시려고 garaanjeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 가라앉으심 garaanjeusim |
가라앉으시기 garaanjeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 가라앉으셨음 garaanjeusyeosseum |
가라앉으셨기 garaanjeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 가라앉으신 garaanjeusin | |||
| Present | 가라앉으시는 garaanjeusineun | ||||
| Future | 가라앉으실 garaanjeusil | ||||