가련하다

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Korean

Etymology

가련(可憐) (garyeon) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?garyeonhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?galyeonhada
McCune–Reischauer?karyŏnhada
Yale Romanization?kālyen.hata

Adjective

가련하다 • (garyeonhada) (infinitive 가련해 or 가련하여, sequential 가련하니)

  1. to be miserable or wretched

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 가련하다 (garyeonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가련하다
garyeonhada 		가련해
garyeonhae 		가련해요
garyeonhaeyo 		가련합니다
garyeonhamnida
Past 가련했다
garyeonhaetda 		가련했어
garyeonhaesseo 		가련했어요
garyeonhaesseoyo 		가련했습니다
garyeonhaetseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가련하냐
garyeonhanya 		가련해
garyeonhae 		가련해요
garyeonhaeyo 		가련합니까
garyeonhamnikka
Past 가련했냐
garyeonhaennya 		가련했어
garyeonhaesseo 		가련했어요
garyeonhaesseoyo 		가련했습니까
garyeonhaetseumnikka
Assertive 가련하겠다
garyeonhagetda		 가련하겠어
garyeonhagesseo		 가련하겠어요
garyeonhagesseoyo		 가련하겠습니다
garyeonhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 가련해
garyeonhae		 가련해서, 가련하여서
garyeonhaeseo, garyeonhayeoseo		 가련하니
garyeonhani		 가련하니까
garyeonhanikka
Contrast 가련하지만
garyeonhajiman		 가련한데
garyeonhande		 가련하더니
garyeonhadeoni
Conjunction 가련하고
garyeonhago
Condition 가련하면
garyeonhamyeon		 가련해야, 가련하여야
garyeonhaeya, garyeonhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 가련함
garyeonham		 가련하기
garyeonhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가련했음, 가련하였음
garyeonhaesseum, garyeonhayeosseum		 가련했기, 가련하였기
garyeonhaetgi, garyeonhayeotgi
Determiners Present 가련한
garyeonhan
Future 가련할
garyeonhal


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가련하시다
garyeonhasida 		가련하셔
garyeonhasyeo 		가련하세요, 가련하셔요
garyeonhaseyo, garyeonhasyeoyo 		가련하십니다
garyeonhasimnida
Past 가련하셨다
garyeonhasyeotda 		가련하셨어
garyeonhasyeosseo 		가련하셨어요
garyeonhasyeosseoyo 		가련하셨습니다
garyeonhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가련하시냐
garyeonhasinya 		가련하셔
garyeonhasyeo 		가련하세요, 가련하셔요
garyeonhaseyo, garyeonhasyeoyo 		가련하십니까
garyeonhasimnikka
Past 가련하셨냐
garyeonhasyeonnya 		가련하셨어
garyeonhasyeosseo 		가련하셨어요
garyeonhasyeosseoyo 		가련하셨습니까
garyeonhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive 가련하시겠다
garyeonhasigetda		 가련하시겠어
garyeonhasigesseo		 가련하시겠어요
garyeonhasigesseoyo		 가련하시겠습니다
garyeonhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 가련하셔
garyeonhasyeo		 가련하셔서
garyeonhasyeoseo		 가련하시니
garyeonhasini		 가련하시니까
garyeonhasinikka
Contrast 가련하시지만
garyeonhasijiman		 가련하신데
garyeonhasinde		 가련하시더니
garyeonhasideoni
Conjunction 가련하시고
garyeonhasigo
Condition 가련하시면
garyeonhasimyeon		 가련하셔야
garyeonhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 가련하심
garyeonhasim		 가련하시기
garyeonhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가련하셨음
garyeonhasyeosseum		 가련하셨기
garyeonhasyeotgi
Determiners Present 가련하신
garyeonhasin
Future 가련하실
garyeonhasil
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