가엾다

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Korean

Etymology

First attested in the 經世指掌 / 경세지장, 1765, as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞ이업다 (Yale: ko-i epta). From 가 (ga, “end”) +‎ 이 (-i, subject marker) +‎ 없다 (eopda, “to not exist”), originally meaning "to be endless", but no longer perceived as such.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gayeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gayeobsda
McCune–Reischauer?kayŏpta
Yale Romanization?kā.yepsta

Adjective

가엾다 • (gayeopda) (infinitive 가엾어, sequential 가엾으니)

  1. to be pitiful

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 가엾다 (gayeopda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가엾다
gayeopda 		가엾어
gayeopseo 		가엾어요
gayeopseoyo 		가엾습니다
gayeopseumnida
Past 가엾었다
gayeopseotda 		가엾었어
gayeopseosseo 		가엾었어요
gayeopseosseoyo 		가엾었습니다
gayeopseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가엾으냐
gayeopseunya 		가엾어
gayeopseo 		가엾어요
gayeopseoyo 		가엾습니까
gayeopseumnikka
Past 가엾었냐
gayeopseonnya 		가엾었어
gayeopseosseo 		가엾었어요
gayeopseosseoyo 		가엾었습니까
gayeopseotseumnikka
Assertive 가엾겠다
gayeopgetda		 가엾겠어
gayeopgesseo		 가엾겠어요
gayeopgesseoyo		 가엾겠습니다
gayeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 가엾어
gayeopseo		 가엾어서
gayeopseoseo		 가엾으니
gayeopseuni		 가엾으니까
gayeopseunikka
Contrast 가엾지만
gayeopjiman		 가엾은데
gayeopseunde		 가엾더니
gayeopdeoni
Conjunction 가엾고
gayeopgo
Condition 가엾으면
gayeopseumyeon		 가엾어야
gayeopseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 가엾음
gayeopseum		 가엾기
gayeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가엾었음
gayeopseosseum		 가엾었기
gayeopseotgi
Determiners Present 가엾은
gayeopseun
Future 가엾을
gayeopseul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가엾으시다
gayeopseusida 		가엾으셔
gayeopseusyeo 		가엾으세요, 가엾으셔요
gayeopseuseyo, gayeopseusyeoyo 		가엾으십니다
gayeopseusimnida
Past 가엾으셨다
gayeopseusyeotda 		가엾으셨어
gayeopseusyeosseo 		가엾으셨어요
gayeopseusyeosseoyo 		가엾으셨습니다
gayeopseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가엾으시냐
gayeopseusinya 		가엾으셔
gayeopseusyeo 		가엾으세요, 가엾으셔요
gayeopseuseyo, gayeopseusyeoyo 		가엾으십니까
gayeopseusimnikka
Past 가엾으셨냐
gayeopseusyeonnya 		가엾으셨어
gayeopseusyeosseo 		가엾으셨어요
gayeopseusyeosseoyo 		가엾으셨습니까
gayeopseusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 가엾으시겠다
gayeopseusigetda		 가엾으시겠어
gayeopseusigesseo		 가엾으시겠어요
gayeopseusigesseoyo		 가엾으시겠습니다
gayeopseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 가엾으셔
gayeopseusyeo		 가엾으셔서
gayeopseusyeoseo		 가엾으시니
gayeopseusini		 가엾으시니까
gayeopseusinikka
Contrast 가엾으시지만
gayeopseusijiman		 가엾으신데
gayeopseusinde		 가엾으시더니
gayeopseusideoni
Conjunction 가엾으시고
gayeopseusigo
Condition 가엾으시면
gayeopseusimyeon		 가엾으셔야
gayeopseusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 가엾으심
gayeopseusim		 가엾으시기
gayeopseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가엾으셨음
gayeopseusyeosseum		 가엾으셨기
gayeopseusyeotgi
Determiners Present 가엾으신
gayeopseusin
Future 가엾으실
gayeopseusil
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