First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 가ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kàsk-tá).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkakda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkakkda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkakta |
| Yale Romanization? | kkakkta |
| Base | 깎다 (kkakda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 깎이다 (kkakkida) |
| Passive | 깎이다 (kkakkida) |
깎다 • (kkakda) (infinitive 깎아, sequential 깎으니) (transitive)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깎는다 kkangneunda |
깎아 kkakka |
깎아요 kkakkayo |
깎습니다 kkakseumnida |
| Past | 깎았다 kkakkatda |
깎았어 kkakkasseo |
깎았어요 kkakkasseoyo |
깎았습니다 kkakkatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깎느냐 kkangneunya |
깎아 kkakka |
깎아요 kkakkayo |
깎습니까 kkakseumnikka |
| Past | 깎았느냐 kkakkanneunya |
깎았어 kkakkasseo |
깎았어요 kkakkasseoyo |
깎았습니까 kkakkatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 깎자 kkakja |
깎아 kkakka |
깎아요 kkakkayo |
깎으십시다 kkakkeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 깎아라 kkakkara |
깎아 kkakka |
깎아요 kkakkayo |
깎읍시오 kkakkeupsio | |
| Assertive | 깎겠다 kkakgetda |
깎겠어 kkakgesseo |
깎겠어요 kkakgesseoyo |
깎겠습니다 kkakgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깎아 kkakka |
깎아서 kkakkaseo |
깎으니 kkakkeuni |
깎으니까 kkakkeunikka | |
| Contrast | 깎지만 kkakjiman |
깎는데 kkangneunde |
깎더니 kkakdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 깎고 kkakgo |
||||
| Condition | 깎으면 kkakkeumyeon |
깎아야 kkakkaya |
|||
| Motive | 깎으려고 kkakkeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깎음 kkakkeum |
깎기 kkakgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깎았음 kkakkasseum |
깎았기 kkakkatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깎은 kkakkeun | |||
| Present | 깎는 kkangneun | ||||
| Future | 깎을 kkakkeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깎으신다 kkakkeusinda |
깎으셔 kkakkeusyeo |
깎으세요, 깎으셔요 kkakkeuseyo, kkakkeusyeoyo |
깎으십니다 kkakkeusimnida |
| Past | 깎으셨다 kkakkeusyeotda |
깎으셨어 kkakkeusyeosseo |
깎으셨어요 kkakkeusyeosseoyo |
깎으셨습니다 kkakkeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깎으시느냐 kkakkeusineunya |
깎으셔 kkakkeusyeo |
깎으세요, 깎으셔요 kkakkeuseyo, kkakkeusyeoyo |
깎으십니까 kkakkeusimnikka |
| Past | 깎으셨느냐 kkakkeusyeonneunya |
깎으셨어 kkakkeusyeosseo |
깎으셨어요 kkakkeusyeosseoyo |
깎으셨습니까 kkakkeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 깎으시라 kkakkeusira |
깎으셔 kkakkeusyeo |
깎으세요 kkakkeuseyo |
깎으십시오 kkakkeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 깎으시겠다 kkakkeusigetda |
깎으시겠어 kkakkeusigesseo |
깎으시겠어요 kkakkeusigesseoyo |
깎으시겠습니다 kkakkeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깎으셔 kkakkeusyeo |
깎으셔서 kkakkeusyeoseo |
깎으시니 kkakkeusini |
깎으시니까 kkakkeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 깎으시지만 kkakkeusijiman |
깎으시는데 kkakkeusineunde |
깎으시더니 kkakkeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 깎으시고 kkakkeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 깎으시면 kkakkeusimyeon |
깎으셔야 kkakkeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 깎으시려고 kkakkeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깎으심 kkakkeusim |
깎으시기 kkakkeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깎으셨음 kkakkeusyeosseum |
깎으셨기 kkakkeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깎으신 kkakkeusin | |||
| Present | 깎으시는 kkakkeusineun | ||||
| Future | 깎으실 kkakkeusil | ||||