끔찍하다

Korean

Etymology

See etymology at ᄀᆞᆷᄌᆞᆨ (komcok) for the first element. —하다 (-hada) is a regular adjective-deriving suffix.

Equivalent to 끔찍 (kkeumjjik) +‎ -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	kkeumjjikhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	kkeumjjighada
McCune–Reischauer^?	kkŭmtchikhada
Yale Romanization^?	kkumccik.hata

Adjective

끔찍하다 • (kkeumjjikhada) (infinitive 끔찍해 or 끔찍하여, sequential 끔찍하니)

to be terrible; to be awful; to be horrible; to be atrocious
to be great in degree; to be extreme in degree

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	끔찍하다 kkeumjjikhada	끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae	끔찍해요 kkeumjjikhaeyo	끔찍합니다 kkeumjjikhamnida
Indicative	Past	끔찍했다 kkeumjjikhaetda	끔찍했어 kkeumjjikhaesseo	끔찍했어요 kkeumjjikhaesseoyo	끔찍했습니다 kkeumjjikhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	끔찍하냐 kkeumjjikhanya	끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae	끔찍해요 kkeumjjikhaeyo	끔찍합니까 kkeumjjikhamnikka
Interrogative	Past	끔찍했냐 kkeumjjikhaennya	끔찍했어 kkeumjjikhaesseo	끔찍했어요 kkeumjjikhaesseoyo	끔찍했습니까 kkeumjjikhaetseumnikka
Assertive		끔찍하겠다 kkeumjjikhagetda	끔찍하겠어 kkeumjjikhagesseo	끔찍하겠어요 kkeumjjikhagesseoyo	끔찍하겠습니다 kkeumjjikhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae	끔찍해서, 끔찍하여서 kkeumjjikhaeseo, kkeumjjikhayeoseo	끔찍하니 kkeumjjikhani	끔찍하니까 kkeumjjikhanikka
Contrast		끔찍하지만 kkeumjjikhajiman	끔찍한데 kkeumjjikhande	끔찍하더니 kkeumjjikhadeoni
Conjunction		끔찍하고 kkeumjjikhago
Condition		끔찍하면 kkeumjjikhamyeon	끔찍해야, 끔찍하여야 kkeumjjikhaeya, kkeumjjikhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		끔찍함 kkeumjjikham	끔찍하기 kkeumjjikhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		끔찍했음, 끔찍하였음 kkeumjjikhaesseum, kkeumjjikhayeosseum	끔찍했기, 끔찍하였기 kkeumjjikhaetgi, kkeumjjikhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		끔찍한 kkeumjjikhan
Determiners	Future		끔찍할 kkeumjjikhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	끔찍하시다 kkeumjjikhasida	끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo	끔찍하세요, 끔찍하셔요 kkeumjjikhaseyo, kkeumjjikhasyeoyo	끔찍하십니다 kkeumjjikhasimnida
Indicative	Past	끔찍하셨다 kkeumjjikhasyeotda	끔찍하셨어 kkeumjjikhasyeosseo	끔찍하셨어요 kkeumjjikhasyeosseoyo	끔찍하셨습니다 kkeumjjikhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	끔찍하시냐 kkeumjjikhasinya	끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo	끔찍하세요, 끔찍하셔요 kkeumjjikhaseyo, kkeumjjikhasyeoyo	끔찍하십니까 kkeumjjikhasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	끔찍하셨냐 kkeumjjikhasyeonnya	끔찍하셨어 kkeumjjikhasyeosseo	끔찍하셨어요 kkeumjjikhasyeosseoyo	끔찍하셨습니까 kkeumjjikhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		끔찍하시겠다 kkeumjjikhasigetda	끔찍하시겠어 kkeumjjikhasigesseo	끔찍하시겠어요 kkeumjjikhasigesseoyo	끔찍하시겠습니다 kkeumjjikhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo	끔찍하셔서 kkeumjjikhasyeoseo	끔찍하시니 kkeumjjikhasini	끔찍하시니까 kkeumjjikhasinikka
Contrast		끔찍하시지만 kkeumjjikhasijiman	끔찍하신데 kkeumjjikhasinde	끔찍하시더니 kkeumjjikhasideoni
Conjunction		끔찍하시고 kkeumjjikhasigo
Condition		끔찍하시면 kkeumjjikhasimyeon	끔찍하셔야 kkeumjjikhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		끔찍하심 kkeumjjikhasim	끔찍하시기 kkeumjjikhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		끔찍하셨음 kkeumjjikhasyeosseum	끔찍하셨기 kkeumjjikhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		끔찍하신 kkeumjjikhasin
Determiners	Future		끔찍하실 kkeumjjikhasil

Related terms

Sound-symbolic terms related to 감다 (gamda, “to close one's eyes”)
Yang-vowel form				Yin-vowel form
Middle Korean: ᄀᆞᆷᄌᆞᆨ (Yale: komcok)				Middle Korean: 금즉 (Yale: kumcuk)
깜작 (kkamjak) 깜작깜작 (kkamjakkkamjak)		깜짝 (kkamjjak) 깜짝깜짝 (kkamjjakkkamjjak)		끔적 (kkeumjeok) 끔적끔적 (kkeumjeokkkeumjeok)		끔쩍 (kkeumjjeok) 끔쩍끔쩍 (kkeumjjeokkkeumjjeok)
깜박 (kkambak) 깜박깜박 (kkambakkkambak)		깜빡 (kkamppak) 깜빡깜빡 (kkamppakkkamppak)		껌벅 (kkeombeok) 껌벅껌벅 (kkeombeokkkeombeok)		껌뻑 (kkeomppeok) 껌뻑껌뻑 (kkeomppeokkkeomppeok)
				끔벅 (kkeumbeok) 끔벅끔벅 (kkeumbeokkkeumbeok)		끔뻑 (kkeumppeok) 끔뻑끔뻑 (kkeumppeokkkeumppeok)
깜찍하다 (kkamjjikhada)				끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikhada) 끔찍끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikkkeumjjikhada)
곰작 (gomjak) 곰작곰작 (gomjakgomjak)	꼼작 (kkomjak) 꼼작꼼작 (kkomjakkkomjak)		꼼짝 (kkomjjak) 꼼짝꼼짝 (kkomjjakkkomjjak)	굼적 (gumjeok) 굼적굼적 (gumjeokgumjeok)	꿈적 (kkumjeok) 꿈적꿈적 (kkumjeokkkumjeok)		꿈쩍 (kkumjjeok) 꿈쩍꿈쩍 (kkumjjeokkkumjjeok)