흔하다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 흔ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hùn-hòtá), which Alexander Vovin speculates is a (perhaps Mandarin-influenced) nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 흔하다 (很—, heunhada, “to be exceeding”).

Equivalent to 흔 (heun) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
Phonetic hangul:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	heunhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	heunhada
McCune–Reischauer^?	hŭnhada
Yale Romanization^?	hun.hata

Adjective

흔하다 • (heunhada) (infinitive 흔해 or 흔하여, sequential 흔하니)

to be frequent, to be common
Synonyms: 많다 (manta), 잦다 (jatda)
to be commonplace, to be ordinary
Synonyms: 예사롭다 (yesaropda), 쌔다 (ssaeda), 일상적 (ilsangjeok)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 흔하다 (heunhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	흔하다 heunhada	흔해 heunhae	흔해요 heunhaeyo	흔합니다 heunhamnida
Indicative	Past	흔했다 heunhaetda	흔했어 heunhaesseo	흔했어요 heunhaesseoyo	흔했습니다 heunhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	흔하냐 heunhanya	흔해 heunhae	흔해요 heunhaeyo	흔합니까 heunhamnikka
Interrogative	Past	흔했냐 heunhaennya	흔했어 heunhaesseo	흔했어요 heunhaesseoyo	흔했습니까 heunhaetseumnikka
Assertive		흔하겠다 heunhagetda	흔하겠어 heunhagesseo	흔하겠어요 heunhagesseoyo	흔하겠습니다 heunhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		흔해 heunhae	흔해서, 흔하여서 heunhaeseo, heunhayeoseo	흔하니 heunhani	흔하니까 heunhanikka
Contrast		흔하지만 heunhajiman	흔한데 heunhande	흔하더니 heunhadeoni
Conjunction		흔하고 heunhago
Condition		흔하면 heunhamyeon	흔해야, 흔하여야 heunhaeya, heunhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		흔함 heunham	흔하기 heunhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		흔했음, 흔하였음 heunhaesseum, heunhayeosseum	흔했기, 흔하였기 heunhaetgi, heunhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		흔한 heunhan
Determiners	Future		흔할 heunhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	흔하시다 heunhasida	흔하셔 heunhasyeo	흔하세요, 흔하셔요 heunhaseyo, heunhasyeoyo	흔하십니다 heunhasimnida
Indicative	Past	흔하셨다 heunhasyeotda	흔하셨어 heunhasyeosseo	흔하셨어요 heunhasyeosseoyo	흔하셨습니다 heunhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	흔하시냐 heunhasinya	흔하셔 heunhasyeo	흔하세요, 흔하셔요 heunhaseyo, heunhasyeoyo	흔하십니까 heunhasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	흔하셨냐 heunhasyeonnya	흔하셨어 heunhasyeosseo	흔하셨어요 heunhasyeosseoyo	흔하셨습니까 heunhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		흔하시겠다 heunhasigetda	흔하시겠어 heunhasigesseo	흔하시겠어요 heunhasigesseoyo	흔하시겠습니다 heunhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		흔하셔 heunhasyeo	흔하셔서 heunhasyeoseo	흔하시니 heunhasini	흔하시니까 heunhasinikka
Contrast		흔하시지만 heunhasijiman	흔하신데 heunhasinde	흔하시더니 heunhasideoni
Conjunction		흔하시고 heunhasigo
Condition		흔하시면 heunhasimyeon	흔하셔야 heunhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		흔하심 heunhasim	흔하시기 heunhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		흔하셨음 heunhasyeosseum	흔하셨기 heunhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		흔하신 heunhasin
Determiners	Future		흔하실 heunhasil

Derived terms

흔해빠지다 (heunhaeppajida, “to be trite”)
흖다 (heunta, “to be frequent”)
흔히 (heunhi, “frequently”)

References

^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 189

[1] Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 189

흔하다

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