๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ
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Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-รณs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsรกs
Sanskrit เคตเคคเฅเคธ (vatsa)
Sanskrit เคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (vatsara)
Sanskrit เคธเคเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (saแนvatsara)
Ashokan Prakrit ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara)
Inherited from Sanskrit เคธเคเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (saแนvatsara).
Noun
๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara /saแนvacchara/) m
Usage notes
Turner[1] notes that ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) is almost always used in the plural (except when in a compound, which is where we find the lemma form usually), while the singular form is supplied by ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara). This suppletion is similar to the situation in Rigvedic Sanskrit, where เคธเคเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (saแนvatsara) (and once เคชเคฐเคฟเคตเคคเฅเคธเคฐ (parivatsara)) is the singular and เคนเคฟเคฎเคพ (himฤ) is the plural.
However, some Southern inscriptions attest ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) in the plural as well. See Alternative forms for a detailed breakdown.
Declension
| Declension of ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐, ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐๐ saแนvachare, saแนvachareแน |
โ |
| accusative | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ saแนvacharaแน |
๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ saแนvacharฤni |
| instrumental | โ | โ |
| dative | โ | โ |
| ablative | โ | โ |
| genitive | โ | โ |
| locative | โ | โ |
Alternative forms
Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Gavimath, Gujarra, Nittur, Panguraria, Rajula-Mandagiri, Siddapura and Yerragudi.
| Dialectal forms of ๐จฌ๐จฎ (โyearโ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | ๐ฏ๐ฑ (vaแนฃa), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa), ๐ฏ๐ฐ (vaลa) | |
| Delhi-Topra | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Lumbini | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Nigali-Sagar | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Rupnath | ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (chavachara) | ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (chavachare) | |
| Bairat | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐๐ nom.sg (saแนvachareแน) | |
| Sahasram | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (saแนvachala) | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ nom.sg (savachale), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (saแนvachalฤni) | |
| Gujarra | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (saแนvacharฤni) | |
| Barabar | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Calcutta-Bairat | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฏ๐ฒ pl (vasa) | |
| Panguraria | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Bahapur | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ๐ nom.sg (savachale), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| East | Dhauli | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | |
| Jaugada | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ||
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) | |
| Mansehra | ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) | ||
| West | Girnar | ๐ฏ๐ญ๐๐ฒ (varsa), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | |
| South | Yerragudi | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (savachare) |
| Siddapura | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ?๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Brahmagiri | ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (savacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐๐ nom.sg (saแนvachareแน) | |
| Maski | ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ?๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Rajula-Mandagiri | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน) | |
| Nittur | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ acc.sg (saแนvacharaแน), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฆ๐บ acc.pl (vasฤni) | |
| Gavimath | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara), ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) | ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ nom.sg (saแนvachare), ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ก๐บ acc.pl (vasฤแนi) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of ๐จฌ๐จฎ (โyearโ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 ๐ฏ๐ฒ (vasa) (17) ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (saแนvachara) (13) ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ญ (savachara) (2) ๐จฌ๐จฎ (vaแนฃa) (2) ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (savachala) (2) ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฎ (saแนvachala) (1) ๐๐ฏ๐๐ญ (chavachara) (1) ๐ฏ๐ฑ (vaแนฃa) (1) ๐ฏ๐ฐ (vaลa) (1) ๐ฏ๐ญ๐๐ฒ (varsa) (1) | ||
Descendants
- Prakrit: ๐ฒ๐๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ญ (saแนvacchara)
References
- ^ Turner, R L (1932) The Gavฤซmaแนญh and Pฤlkฤซguแนแธu Inscriptions of Aลoka (Hyderabad Archaeological Series; 10), Hyderabad: His Exalted Highness the Nizam's Government, page 15
Further reading
- Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) โsaแนvachara-โ, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aลoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 172